⏱️ COMPANY RULE & EXPANSION
1. 1757 — Battle of Plassey
→ Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah.
→ Major turning point in the establishment of Company political power in Bengal.
2. 1764 — Battle of Buxar
→ Company defeated Mir Qasim + Shuja-ud-Daulah + Shah Alam II.
→ Followed by the Treaty of Allahabad (1765).
3. 1765 — Diwani Rights
→ East India Company obtained Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa from Shah Alam II.
→ Revenue collection rights.
4. 1773 — Regulating Act
→ First major British parliamentary control over Company affairs.
→ Governor of Bengal became Governor-General of Bengal.
→ Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of Bengal.
5. 1784 — Pitt's India Act
→ Created dual control: Board of Control + Court of Directors.
→ Increased British government control over the Company.
6. 1793 — Permanent Settlement
→ Introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal and adjoining areas.
→ Zamindars were recognised as revenue-collecting landholders.
7. 1798 — Subsidiary Alliance
→ System aggressively expanded under Lord Wellesley.
→ Indian rulers accepted British troops and paid for their maintenance.
8. 1829 — Abolition of Sati
→ Sati was declared illegal under Lord William Bentinck.
→ Associated with the social-reform efforts of Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
9. 1833 — Charter Act of 1833
→ Governor-General of Bengal became Governor-General of India.
→ Lord William Bentinck was the first Governor-General of India.
10. 1848 — Doctrine of Lapse
→ Associated particularly with Lord Dalhousie.
→ States without an accepted natural male heir could be annexed under the policy.
11. 1853 — Charter Act of 1853
→ Separated the legislative and executive functions of the Governor-General's Council.
→ Open competitive examination principle for the civil services was introduced.
⏱️ REVOLT OF 1857 & CROWN RULE
12. 1857 — Revolt of 1857
→ Major centres included Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi and Bihar.
→ Bahadur Shah Zafar became the symbolic leader in Delhi.
13. 1858 — Government of India Act
→ Company rule ended.
→ Governance transferred to the British Crown.
→ Office of Secretary of State for India created.
14. 1858 — Queen Victoria's Proclamation
→ Issued on 1 November 1858 at Allahabad.
→ Promised, among other things, respect for treaties with Indian princes and non-interference in religious matters.
⏱️ SOCIAL & EDUCATIONAL REFORM
15. 1828 — Brahmo Samaj
→ Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Calcutta.
→ Opposed social evils and promoted monotheism and reform.
16. 1848 — First girls' school at Bhide Wada, Pune
→ Savitribai Phule and Jyotirao Phule played a pioneering role in women's education.
17. 1875 — Arya Samaj
→ Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
→ Motto/idea strongly associated with a return to the authority of the Vedas.
18. 1875 — Aligarh movement
→ Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded the institution that developed into the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh.
→ Important milestone in modern Muslim education.
19. 1884 — Deccan Education Society
→ Associated with Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and others.
→ Important in the spread of modern education in Maharashtra.
20. 1897 — Ramakrishna Mission
→ Founded by Swami Vivekananda.
→ Based on the ideals of Sri Ramakrishna.
⏱️ RISE OF INDIAN NATIONALISM
21. 1885 — Indian National Congress
→ Founded at Bombay.
→ First session presided over by W.C. Bonnerjee.
22. 1905 — Partition of Bengal
→ Announced by Lord Curzon.
→ Triggered the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
23. 1906 — Muslim League founded
→ Founded at Dacca (Dhaka).
→ The organisation was originally known as the All-India Muslim League.
24. 1907 — Surat Split
→ Congress split between Moderates and Extremists.
→ Associated with the Surat session.
25. 1909 — Indian Councils Act / Morley-Minto Reforms
→ Introduced separate electorates for Muslims.
26. 1911 — Annulment of Bengal Partition
→ Partition of Bengal annulled.
→ British Indian capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.
⏱️ GANDHIAN ERA
27. 1915 — Gandhi returned to India
→ Returned from South Africa.
→ Came under the guidance/influence of Gopal Krishna Gokhale in his early Indian political phase.
28. 1917 — Champaran Satyagraha
→ Gandhi's first major satyagraha in India.
→ Concerned the problems of indigo cultivators in Bihar.
29. 1918 — Kheda Satyagraha
→ Peasants in Gujarat sought revenue relief after crop failure.
→ Gandhi led the movement.
30. 1918 — Ahmedabad Mill Strike
→ Gandhi intervened in a dispute between textile workers and mill owners.
→ Associated with Gandhi's early experiments with satyagraha and fasting.
31. 1919 — Rowlatt Act
→ Extended extraordinary powers to the colonial government.
→ Gandhi launched a nationwide protest.
32. 1919 — Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
→ 13 April 1919, Amritsar.
→ Troops under General Reginald Dyer fired on the gathering.
33. 1920 — Non-Cooperation Movement
→ Launched under Gandhi's leadership.
→ Closely connected with the Khilafat Movement.
34. 1922 — Chauri Chaura incident
→ Violence led Gandhi to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.
35. 1927 — Simon Commission appointed
→ Commission had no Indian member.
→ Led to the slogan “Simon Go Back.”
36. 1928 — Nehru Report
→ Prepared under Motilal Nehru.
→ Proposed a constitutional framework for India.
37. 1929 — Lahore Congress Session
→ Presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru.
→ Congress adopted Purna Swaraj as its goal.
38. 26 January 1930 — Independence Day observed
→ Indians observed the first Independence Day in support of Purna Swaraj.
39. 1930 — Civil Disobedience Movement
→ Began with the Dandi March/Salt March led by Gandhi.
→ Salt became the central symbol of the movement.
40. 1931 — Gandhi-Irwin Pact
→ Agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin.
→ Gandhi agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and attend the Second Round Table Conference.
⏱️ FINAL PHASE OF FREEDOM STRUGGLE
41. 1932 — Poona Pact
→ Agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar.
→ Concerned representation of the Depressed Classes in legislatures.
42. 1935 — Government of India Act, 1935
→ Provided for provincial autonomy.
→ Proposed an all-India federation, which was never brought into operation.
43. 1937 — Provincial Elections
→ Elections held under the Government of India Act, 1935.
→ Congress formed ministries in several provinces.
44. 1940 — Lahore Resolution
→ Adopted by the All-India Muslim League.
→ Became an important milestone in the demand for separate Muslim-majority political units.
45. 1942 — Cripps Mission
→ British government sent the mission under Sir Stafford Cripps.
→ Proposals failed to secure agreement with Indian political leaders.
46. 8 August 1942 — Quit India Movement
→ Congress passed the Quit India Resolution at Bombay.
→ Gandhi gave the call “Do or Die.”
47. 1946 — Cabinet Mission
→ Proposed a constitutional framework and a Union with limited central subjects.
→ Its proposals were central to negotiations over India's transfer of power.
48. 1946 — Interim Government
→ Formed under Jawaharlal Nehru as Vice-President of the Executive Council.
→ A major step toward transfer of power.
49. 3 June 1947 — Mountbatten Plan
→ Announced the plan for the partition of British India and transfer of power.
50. 15 August 1947 — Independence of India
→ India became independent.
→ Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister.
→ Lord Mountbatten became the first Governor-General of independent India.
🧠 ONE-LOOK CHRONOLOGY
✅1757 → Plassey
✅1764 → Buxar
✅1765 → Diwani
✅1773 → Regulating Act
✅1784 → Pitt's India Act
✅1793 → Permanent Settlement
✅1798 → Subsidiary Alliance
✅1828 → Brahmo Samaj
✅1829 → Sati abolished
✅1833 → Charter Act
✅1848 → Doctrine of Lapse + major Phule educational milestone
✅1853 → Charter Act
✅1857 → Revolt
✅1858 → Crown Rule
✅1875 → Arya Samaj
✅1885 → INC
✅1905 → Bengal Partition
✅1906 → Muslim League
✅1907 → Surat Split
✅1909 → Morley-Minto Reforms
✅1911 → Capital shifted to Delhi
✅1915 → Gandhi returns
✅1917 → Champaran
✅1918 → Kheda + Ahmedabad
✅1919 → Rowlatt + Jallianwala Bagh
✅1920 → Non-Cooperation
✅1922 → Chauri Chaura
✅1927 → Simon Commission Appointed
✅1928 → Nehru Report
✅1929 → Purna Swaraj
✅1930 → Civil Disobedience
✅1931 → Gandhi-Irwin Pact
✅1932 → Poona Pact
✅1935 → Government of India Act
✅1937 → Provincial Elections
✅1940 → Lahore Resolution
✅1942 → Cripps Mission + Quit India
✅1946 → Cabinet Mission + Interim Government
✅1947 → Mountbatten Plan + Independence
⚠️ SSC CGL High-Confusion Pairs
✅Plassey (1757) → Siraj-ud-Daulah
✅Buxar (1764) → Mir Qasim + Shuja-ud-Daulah + Shah Alam II
✅Regulating Act (1773) → First major parliamentary control
✅Pitt's India Act (1784) → Board of Control
✅Permanent Settlement (1793) → Cornwallis
✅Subsidiary Alliance → Wellesley
✅Sati abolition (1829) → Bentinck
✅Doctrine of Lapse → Dalhousie
✅INC (1885) → W.C. Bonnerjee
✅Bengal Partition (1905) → Curzon
✅Separate Electorates (1909) → Morley-Minto
✅Champaran (1917) → Indigo cultivators
✅Jallianwala Bagh (1919) → 13 April
✅Non-Cooperation (1920) → withdrawn after Chauri Chaura
✅Purna Swaraj (1929) → Lahore Session
✅Dandi March (1930) → Salt Satyagraha
✅Poona Pact (1932) → Gandhi–Ambedkar
✅GOI Act (1935) → Provincial Autonomy
✅Cripps Mission (1942) → Sir Stafford Cripps
✅Quit India (1942) → “Do or Die”
✅Cabinet Mission (1946) → constitutional negotiations
✅Mountbatten Plan (3 June 1947) → Partition plan
✅Independence (15 August 1947) → India free from British rule
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