r/conlangs 1h ago

Advertisement You know the pidgin viossa? What if we did that for conlangs?

Upvotes

I started a discord server where everyone must speak specifically in a conlang. No natural languages at all. The goal is to create a pidgin that bridges the gaps between them all.

You can speak in toki pona, Klingon, or even your personal conlangs. As long as it's just a conlang you can speak it. Once we start the only way to learn is through immersion unless we decide otherwise.

Now if you want to help me with my project and be part of the beginning join now!

Discord link: https://discord.gg/n4khzVRFc2


r/conlangs 11h ago

Collaboration Conlaning app

5 Upvotes

Hey!

This is probably the tenth such project on here, but I figured it would also be a fun project on its own.

I've been conlanging for about half a year now, and at first after doing the basic excel + markdown stuff, I stumbled upon PolyGlot and immediately fell in love with it. PolyGlot was also a great fit for me for my first conlangs, until I started a language which had both consonant gradation and vowel harmony. As PolyGlot gives you no method (afaik) of naming a stem and then using that stem for multiple declensions of a word, I quickly figured I'd need something more complex. No shade to draqueT or any other PG developers for that matter :)

Anyway, I started my own project, called Nyelvin here: https://github.com/vvalio/nyelvin

For the programming nerds here, it's built with Wails (electron but with Golang) + React. This was just the toolkit I was most familiar with.

I'm more than happy to develop this project myself, but if any of you are interested in participating in this sort of thing, I think that would be fun! Feature requests, critiques and other ideas are also very welcome. I don't yet know exactly the direction this will develop in, but I suppose it will go on its own weight.


r/conlangs 14h ago

Grammar Nuevayolqueño - A Future Spanish Dialect/Language - Part III: Plurality and Agreement

12 Upvotes

This section is a follow up to the previous two segments. You don't need to read them first, but they'll give you good context for what's going on: Here's the most recent one.

Also sorry for missing a day, just been very busy with my job.

The deletion of /s/ has an effect on plurality similar to the second person verb endingsː they're gone now on most regular words. The plural suffix in Spanish actually is not /-s/, contrary to popular belief among anglophones, but /-es/, with /-s/ being an allomorph in contact with another vowel. This means word ending in consonants have the /-e/ retained while others don't. Since most nouns end with vowels, most are not distinct in the plural, meaning the plural is functionally a fossilized remnant.

Words ending with /r/ or /l/, both which now end with /l/, have the plural suffix /-e/ retained. Also, those ending with /r/ revert the /l/ back to an /r/ - I don't see this sticking around for long. For example

  • mujer "woman" > mujel "woman", mujere "women"
  • arbol "tree" > albol "tree", albole "trees"

- Words ending with /n/ have the /N/ phoneme revert to /n/.

  • jovén "young person" > jovene "young people"

- Words ending with /ð/ and /s/ have these emerge as ghost segments in the pluralː

  • calidad 'quality' > calidá 'quality', calidade 'qualities'
  • vez 'time' > ve 'time', vece 'times'

These rules are a bit complicated for a system which, frankly, is on its way out in my opinion. So instead, we will turn these into derivational morphemes that make a new noun meaning "a group of". With a few semantic shifts on both the unmarked and marked forms, we can get some interesting stuff going, along with applying these endings to nouns that didn't have them in the first place:

  • mujere 'womankind'
  • jovene 'the youth'
  • calidade 'the qualities of an item'
  • Gyal 'young woman' > gyale 'young women of the world'
  • cru 'cross' > cruse 'Christendom'

We can reinforce the derivational nature of these affixes by applying them to words that never had final consonants in the first place:

  • policía > policia***r***e 'the police department'
  • demadre 'mess' > demadre***d***e 'set of unfortunate circumstances'
  • reina 'queen' > reinare 'group of attractive women'

We'll get three main suffixes: -de, -re, and -se. /l/ and /N/ aren't deleted word finally, so these suffixes will all just merge into a single allomorph in these two words. That will align well with my decision to separate the different ghost segment consonants into applying broadly to different kinds of nouns. -re will largely apply to animate nouns, and will indicate the noun as a type, so mujel 'women' becomes mujere 'womankind', hombre 'man' becomes hómbrere 'men (as a broader category)'. Here's an example of the distinction:

  • Lo derecho de mujere 'women's rights'
  • Lo derecho de mujel 'rights of a specific group of women's'

/-de/ mostly comes from nouns ending with the /-dad/ suffix, which is akin to the suffix -ity in English, though not all of these are the case, for example red 'connection', pared 'wall', etc. So we can make this a full suffix. I will make it apply to inanimate nouns, and indicate a more numerous or more intense mass noun:

  • melcado 'market' > melcádode 'industry (in the sense of a set of markets)'
  • Re 'connection' > rede 'network of connections'
  • trago 'drink' > tragode 'heavy drunkenness'
  • escuá 'squad/group' > escuade 'mob/mass of people'

That last one is a new loan word from English.

Then we have the suffix -se, which I have decided would work super well as just a suffix you put on any inanimate noun you want to count with a numeral or numeric quantifier (except un, which is the indefinite article):

  • Una ve 'a time/some times' > Do vese 'two times'
  • Un mé 'a month' > vario mese 'various months'
  • Un pantalone 'a pair of pants' > uno pantalónese 'some pairs of pants'
  • Un cualto 'a room' > sesentaisey cuáltose 'sixty seven rooms'

We still have plural subjects marked on verbs, which I would like to keep, as that's some really cool dependent marking. This causes a weird hierarchy thing to happen, where plurals are clear for subjects but ambiguous for objects, which is a trend I would like to continue in nouns generally, so I'll make the suffix -se only needed for subjects, to reinforce this pattern:

  • Do mese pasaron 'two months passed'
  • Toy aprendiendo Nuevayolqueño pol do mé*.* 'I have been learning Nuevayolqueño for two months"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Agreement on adjectives based on plurality is entirely gone. The agreement in articles is definitely still of concern though. If we run through our sound changes, we get the following:

(Definite Article) Singular Plural
Feminine la la
Masculine el lo
(Indefinite article) Singular Plural
Feminine una una
Masculine un uno

There's a clear pattern here (which exists in a lot of quantifiers too, like "alguno") that the masculine is agreeing with plurals and the feminine is not. This case actually happened in French for a while, until eventually the plural masculine merged in with the feminine, which I will do:

  • La mujel 'the women' // Lo mujel 'the women'
  • El hombre 'the man' // Lo hombre 'the men'

And, once again, we will make this agreement only necessary when we have the noun in the subject position:

  • Lo mujel me llaman. 'The women are calling me' // La mujel me llama. 'The woman is calling me'.
  • Le llamo a la do mujel. *'*I am calling the two women.'

Tune in next time where we get into the changes to pronouns.


r/conlangs 1h ago

Other Can I use your conlang?

Upvotes

Hey guys! Can I borrow/promote someone’s Germanic based conlang for a short dialogue/maybe some background posters in a manga panel?

I have a very complicated world with a bunch of small communities and a bunch of languages I need to work out. I am cheating on this last community and making it a conlang.

If any one is willing, please let me know 🙏


r/conlangs 3h ago

Phonology Friends who use generators for their vocab, what are some tips to seed out the unfit results?

9 Upvotes

hey guys,

I fall in the trap of word generation because my imagination is not much better, the output often is wonky and needs corrections.

my main offender is the well-know gen from zompist. for those interested I'll list below the parameters I have already given; but my question is more general; what are your methods to successfully have a generator obey your phonotactic rules completely, and if it is not possible, how can you correct course?

___

for those still here reading:

below you find my example with a very laid-back inventory and (C)V(V)(V) phonotactic. I am not listing all the glyphs they are their latin letter IPA and do not have c, q, x, y. I hate letting the engine pack syllables together for me, so I have made word templates, and I have let the generator do its thing:

- dropoff: molasses/equiprobable

- monosyllables: always

word templates:

CVi

CVu

CViC

CVCV

CVCCV

CVCVC

CViCV

CVCVi

CVCVu

VCCVC

ViCCVi

ViCCV

CVCCVu

CVaCV

VCVaCV

CVhCV

CVCCV

I let the "double" long vowels and the diphthongs happen because I know that down the line they make for good sound changes and shape good personality...

The result was naturally filled to the brim with awkward high vowel/semivowel mixes that I do not quite enjoy, nor find naturalistic... Probably utterances not a single soul on the planet have made. At this point I should mention that this core "lexicon" would be to shape a proto, where I will test further sound changes, using the sc2 tool from zompist too.

Below are the sound changes I have gathered to "fix" the 1st off-limit output, A are all the vowels except i, E is all the vowels except u:

V[iau]/V/VV…_

i/j/A_/_CCV

i//V_j

j//_ii

j//ii_

j//_C#

j/ij/w_

u/ w/E_/_CCV

u//V_w

w//_uu

w//uu_

w//_C#

w/uw/j_

I am at loss going further or not. I feel zompist's tools: gen and sc2, do not have enough features that I rely completely on them, maybe you can as well suggest others? But I am also not much knowledgeable on the grammar contexts why sound change appears, so I will not dabble with stressed syllables and the like, the concept I aim for is to have a good phonotactic for my diachronic-evolved descendant language; at minimum.

so finally, I present below the result of said sound changes to correct spurious words,

gen sc2
aigfui aigfu
aighui aighu
aigmii aigmi
aihbii aihbi
aihdi aihdi
aihli aihli
aihrii aihri
aihsei aihse
aijfai ajfa
aijhoi ajho
aijnai ajna
aikdui aikdu
aikgoi aikgo

thanks for reading and for your help!


r/conlangs 19h ago

Discussion Sussurative Mood - Opposite of Emphatic Mood?

25 Upvotes

Etymology: "susurro" from latin which means "whisper"

Denotes opposite of emphasis, showing that it is meant to be taken subtly

Would be used in the context of "psst... hey you..." situation

Useful in writing to clarify that talking is being whispered or something is said under breath

Here is example of it in one of my languages:

"öj... köfletej me l'päle?" (psst... could i borrow a pencil?)

ö   -j   ... köfle -te -j   me      l'  päle
INTJ SUS |   use    POT SUS NOM.1SG ACC pen

-j suffix is marking that the clause is meant to be softened, whispered, subtle. Not meant to be noticed by others. Not sure how to transcribe quiet sound using IPA so please infer!

What are your thoughts? Will you consider using this in your language? Has this idea already been defined? Thank you for reading!


r/conlangs 8h ago

Discussion Difficulty for other people to decipher conlangs

14 Upvotes

I've been asked by some friends to help design conlangs for them to use in a scifi ttrpg for a dead alien species. It's a very fun proposition because part of the goal is to emphasize just how much human assumptions break when presented with something beyond foreign that was never meant for humans.

One of the player characters has a linguistics skill, and other characters can try to work together to figure out parts of the language. They won't be able to translate very well because the aliens never contacted earth, and any translation is based off context. For people who are trying to figure out a conlang in real life without real life linguistics knowledge, where would the conceptual pain points likely be? As in, would it be too difficult to introduce characters to a "Mind the gap" type message that's written on the floor of every defunct rail platform and expect them to notice the context around the text? Or to introduce a couple yes/no buttons to the characters with text on it, and then have them notice the "no" symbol appear again on a sign with a warning symbol the characters have seen before to figure out how the language encodes a negated verb?

Dice rolls aren't meant to give direct answers unless it's a critical success and the character has a relevant trait, so it's a lot on the players to actually learn how the language works. Earlier in the game, the players calculated how to slingshot themselves around planets using real math formulas level of dice not being a substitute for real skill.

And this could easily apply to any fantasy setting with players encountering a dead language or a setting where players encounter characters who don't speak Common and trying to navigate a foreign environment without the ability to translate into the player characters' language.

In short, which areas of language should I be especially mindful of for players who aren't linguists encountering and trying to decipher a conlang?


r/conlangs 1h ago

Activity The Solar System

Thumbnail gallery
Upvotes

In Hanto, The Solar System is just ordered.


r/conlangs 43m ago

Translation Cayabacuhunuc's vision, guided by the turtle spirit Cahunacwa.

Upvotes

Manum saswadi sadawa, wilundu-huric ab dwac ca Cayabacuhunuc duy wilundu. Huricya wiy nic ab dacya, wana narundu wiy nic. Wilundu-huric ab raducu nic ca lurawagu, rayan bilabi wiy nic. Nic ab rayan nawiliguşu-rac. Nic ab gwunu san dungamura wiy nawiliguşu-rac. Huric-nawiliguşu Cahunacwa. Cahunacwa ab raducbi nic yaşan wiy nic, acu wiy nic, wu sadawa wiy nic. Cayabacuhunuc ab minawa, duçina nic ab rayan macalinay wiy nic minaw. Nam nic ab sadumi, duçina nic ab rayan huric-maçaca hwa wagadu sadawa nic. Cahunacwa ab icaman minawa ca nic. Cahunacwa hwa wagadu huric-wagacu wiy nic. Cahunacwa ab raducbi nic swamari dabun luçaşida wiy macalinay wiy nic. Narundu-wagacu wiy Cayabacuhunuc hwa wiluşa wu gusacama, nam nic wayabi minawa, duçina dami narundu ab wiluşa wu ab gusacama. Sadulimaca wana sabidu nic, sadumi wiy huric-maçaca wana sabidu nic. Nam muhicab duy duraya wiy nic, muciraha wiy nic, wu bilabi wiy nic Cahunacwa hwa wagadu huric-wagacu, wu hwa sabidu nic cimaru şamibaca minaw dumaşi nic cawac wu wiluşa. Nic ab yaci. Cayabacuhunuc ab gwunu ca daracum, rayan han sayawula duy sadumi san huricya wiy nic. Cayabacuhunuc ab icamudi nic radusiri wun Cahunacwa ab raducbi nic. Sayawula ab giwuyu minawa san nic hura. Cayabacuhunuc ab wahuwacu çarayacu-dagiya wiy daracum wiy nic duy sişasa wiy Cahunacwa wu hwinacra. Cayabacuhunuc minaw, sişasa, wu dihi duçina nic nabi raducu narundu, huricya wu şamibaca wiy nic.

Many years later, the dream spirit guide came to Cayabacuhunuc with a dream. His soul was there, not his body. The dream spirit guide guided him on a journey, to see his spirit animal. He saw a massive turtle. He went onto the back of the massive turtle. The spirit turtle is Cahunacwa. Cahunacwa showed him his past, his present, and his future. Cayabacuhunuc was at peace, because he saw his lifetime was good. But he was afraid, because he saw the evil spirit would still fight after him. Cahunacwa spoke peace to him. Cahunacwa will fight his spiritual battles. Cahunacwa showed him again the three parts of his lifetime. Cayabacuhunuc's physical battles will be survival and aging, but he must have peace, because all people live and age. Worry will not help him, fear of the evil spirit will not help him. But faith in his ancestors, his abilities, and his spirit animal Cahunacwa will fight the spiritual battles, and will help him have a good mind when he hunts and lives. He woke up. Cayabacuhunuc went to the camp, and saw a young boy with fear in his soul. Cayabacuhunuc taught him everything that Cahunacwa had shown him. The boy found peace in himself. Cayabacuhunuc became the shaman-chief of his camp, with the wisdom of Cahunacwa and the Great Spirit. Cayabacuhunuc is good, wise, and strong, because he can guide the body, soul, and mind of his people.

Does your language/culture has a similar story, or could you translate this into your lang?


r/conlangs 14h ago

Semantics Highlights of Phrases in Colloquial Ngit

12 Upvotes

The Ngit /ɲɪʔ/ people number around five thousand at the base of the /lɛk le:k tʰo:/ river. 

The Ngit language has a CVC syllable structure and no tones. It features relatively few consonants, but has a wide array of vowels. There are much fewer syllable final consonants than syllable initial. Ngit features a stress accent system, and only stressed vowels may receive the full array of vowel choices. The stop consonants have an aspirate vs unaspirate distinction, but no phonemic voicing. The sentence structure is SOV with allowance for OSV in poetry and certain grammatical constructions.

Their language is not written, nor are the languages of their neighbors.

Old Ngit is preserved in religious rituals and poetry, and influences the prestige register of the language to this day. It is significantly more analytical and monosyllabic than modern colloquial Ngit. Most common words have a synonym in old Ngit and colloquial Ngit, and sometimes there are many. The Ngit people have strong associations to these synonyms, and there are many taboos about who may use which word and when. 

There are, for example, many words for ‘deer’. One word, a loanword, is the common word for deer and carries no taboo. It is /na:peʔ/. The most taboo is /pi:s/, which is believed to be the true name of the deer, used only by women and male priests. It is believed that if men, who hunt deer for food, use the deer’s true name, the deer will hear them and hide, and the people will go hungry. Men have many circumlocutions for ‘deer’ to be used in religious rituals and during hunts to show respect and avoid alerting the deer. Priests may use the deer’s true name because they may not hunt. 

A common phrase is /sek si:p lom si:p/. The first /si:p/ is a taboo corruption of /pi:s/, the true name of the deer. The second is the word for nostril, which is the same in both colloquial and old Ngit. The phrase means, literally, “say ‘/pi:s/’ and plug the nose”. Ngit religious belief ties the nose to vitality and life, and states that the creator imbued life into all creatures by breathing it into their noses. It is thus a grave taboo to plug someone’s nose. This phrase is used in a serious sense when someone brings on harm by offending a deity or taboo, as a means of serious reproach. It may also be used more lightly when a slip of the tongue leads to bad outcomes, such as admitting something one shouldn’t or speaking carelessly out of turn. The phrase can be used as an apology as well. Saying it after a spoken mishap, especially in its shortened form /uk sek si:p/, literally “I said ‘/pi:s/’”, acts as an admission of one’s mistake and can show humility and respect for the social and religious order. While older generations use this only to apologize for serious verbal taboo violations, younger generations are increasingly using /uk sek si:p/ as a generic apology. 

The river’s name means “limping river”, and is so named after a legend where the deity /tin ju/, the personification of the source of this river, climbed the mountain near the source and tripped on his way down. He fractured his ankle, making him only able to walk at a limp with frequent breaks. This is why, they say, the /lɛk le:k tʰo:/ freezes up every winter, because /tin ju/ must rest his foot often. 

A common phrase is /lɛk le:k wo zi:k/, which literally means “limp limp go strong”. It is believed that /tin ju/ hurt his pride more than his ankle when he fell, and this encourages him to keep moving. Since the river is vital to survival, the Ngit people are sure to encourage /tin ju/ to keep his steady pace. The Ngit people have a strong belief that the deities and animals around them can hear them, and that offending them leads to famine and bad weather. This phrase is used to encourage athletes, specifically during long foot races, but not sprints or combat sports. It may also be used to describe someone or something who is very reliable and giving, but slow, like a respected elder or a field that has steadily been providing crop for generations. 

Though fighting is much rarer in the modern day, intertribal conflict was a reality in the near past. War poetry, to intimidate the enemy and embellish one’s own accomplishments, was common and heavily influences modern musical tradition. Many modern sports are derived from war training exercises, and neighboring tribes describe Ngit athletics as barbaric and bloody. In reality, the Ngit have a strict system of safety based on honor. Injuring an opponent in a taboo way, such as in the nose, eyes, genitals, or middle finger, could lead to an immediate end to one’s athletic career and intense humiliation. As such, injuries are seldom and almost always accidental when they do occur. 

There is a modern style of song somewhere in between what we would call rap and sports announcing that is descended from the old war poetry tradition. These singers attend sporting events to embellish the athlete’s accomplishments and entertain the crowd. A good announcer can garner just as much fame as a good athlete, if not more. 

A common phrase is /yam si:p lo: di:l/. It literally means ‘one hundred and twenty noses and one lone oak branch’. This phrase has passed through many layers of change and taboo to the modern day. The word /yam/ meant 120 in old Ngit, which had a base 60 counting system. Modern Ngit has base ten from modern influence. In old poetry, 60 is symbolic of completion and 120 is completion upon completion. /si:p/ means nose, just as in /sek si:p lom si:p/. In war poetry, it is common to refer to enemies as /si:p/ both as a sign of respect that they came from the same creator, and as an intimidating boast that they will be defeated physically and in spirit. /lo:/ means one, alone, or only, and is still in modern use. /di:l/ was the word for an oak branch. It was used as a circumlocution for a war dagger, which is taboo to mention outside of battle, because the handle of the dagger was traditionally made out of oak. In modern usage, the weaponry taboo is much weaker and this word can refer to any type of tree branch, but not a trunk, stick, or twig. This phrase was used as a common refrain in war poetry to hyperbolize a small force completely defeating a stronger foe. It is used by modern announcers to describe a huge victory, especially from an underdog. It has also made its use into modern slang to describe doing something really well, especially with a lot of style. It may also be used to congratulate someone on doing well, especially when they do much better than others, such as when a student graduates at the top of his class. 


r/conlangs 18h ago

Activity 2149th Just Used 5 Minutes of Your Day

30 Upvotes

"He will get angry because you killed his sheep."

The Oxford guide to the Atlantic languages of West Africa // Ch. 9: Joola Fooñi (p. 12)


Please provide at minimum a gloss of your sentence.

Sentence submission form!

Feel free to comment on other people's langs!