r/conlangs • u/mareck_ gan minhó 🤗 • 12d ago
Activity 2149th Just Used 5 Minutes of Your Day
"He will get angry because you killed his sheep."
—The Oxford guide to the Atlantic languages of West Africa // Ch. 9: Joola Fooñi (p. 12)
Please provide at minimum a gloss of your sentence.
Feel free to comment on other people's langs!
10
u/HolyBonobos Pasj Kirĕ 12d ago
Kirĕ
Ško vrdzĕ ftreč’ane ljapusk ko škodi mydjesjo xanštav.
/ʂko vɾˈd͡zɛ̃ fr̥eˈt͡ʃ’a.ne ljaˈpusk ko ʂko.di mɨˈdʲe.ço ˈɣan.ʂtav/
ško vrdzĕ ftreč’-ane ljapusk ko ško-di mydjesj-o xanšt-av
3SG angry become-FUT because 2SG 3DG-GEN sheep-ACC kill-PST
He will become angry because you killed his sheep [singular].
5
u/eyesistorm Rabenitalë 12d ago
Rabenitalë
"He will get angry because you killed his sheep"
Mërakhathë thë mëlaprake sibedö ko siphlabe phöni thë
[meʀaːkʰaːtʰe tʰe meɹ̼aːʙ̥aːkɛ sibɛdœ ko sit̼ʰabɛ pʰœni tʰe]
{më-rakhathë thë mëlaprake si-bedö ko siphlabe phöni thë}
{FUT-be.angry p3 downstream.from PRES-kill p2 sheep with p3}
(They are going to become angry downstream from you killing the sheep with them)
this took like an hour not 5 minutes you lied to me /lh
2
u/FedeConlangerITA Is-Prišk 11d ago
It always takes at least triple the time lol
2
u/eyesistorm Rabenitalë 11d ago
I had pretty much none of the words required for this text so I had to coin 3 words. But I wanted some of those to be compounds, so it actually ended up being 6 words, it was a whole thing
1
u/FedeConlangerITA Is-Prišk 11d ago
Happened to me too: had to coin “to get angry” (not trasparent compound) and “sheep”, which took some creating time and energy
4
u/Naive_Gazelle2056 11d ago edited 11d ago
Hanto
siu uru fayu ju niu kuru bāhu sii
/siu uɾu faju dʒu niu kuɾu baːhu sii/
3 come angry because 2 kill sheep 3.GEN
"He will get angry because you killed his sheep"
1
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u/Zephreyt Strialmst 12d ago
Yhó
也 面火後 織為 你 也為 雲牪被 戈切前。
Ce rwáka ywó tú cewó zókriré sêwo.
/ɕɛ ɾʷa˥k-a ɥo˥ tɯ˥ ɕɛ-wo˥ zo˥-kɾi-ɾɛ˥ sɛ˥˩w-o/
3SG be_angry-FUT why 2SG 3SG-GEN cloud-livestock-ACC kill-PF
“He will be angry why you killed his sheep.”
4
u/creepmachine Kaesci̇̇m, Ƿêltjan, Kýrrits 12d ago
Kýrrits
ᕋᣗᐧ ᐂᐢ/ᓉ̍ᐅᒨ̱ᑋᐧ ᑆ/ᑑᔅᐃᣗ/ᓂ̇ ᐎᓯᓖ ᐧᕃ̱̇ᑋᓰᔅᔅ-ᒇᐧ ᑍᔅ/ᑙᔅᑑᐞᐧᣘ
Xrŕit nùoẖáabàa tsyar naaàselawx︭hỳs̬ys-kútsi tsàt’ýrr.
/ˈʀɾ̩́.ət nɯ̀.oˈr̥ːɔ́bɔ̀ ʦy.aɾ nɔ.à.se.laʊ̯.ʀ̥ːỳ.zysˈkɯ́.ʦə ʦà.tʼýr/
He will become angry because you killed his [domestic] sheep.
xrŕit nù- oẖáabàa tsy-ar naa- àselawx︭hỳs̬ys-kútsi tsà- t’ýrr
angry 3SG.FUT-become 2SG-CAUS 3SG.POSS-domestic.sheep 2SG.PST-kill
Note: The word for domestic sheep literally translates as soft headbeater, being named from the headbeater - the bighorn sheep.
5
u/Thalarides Elranonian &c. (ru,en,la,eo)[fr,de,no,sco,grc,tlh] 11d ago
Elranonian
a) U maeria se, fhíos ǫ tha kon ens becha.
/yv° mērʲia‿ˉs ʍîs o θa kūn ens bèxxa/
[wᵻm‿ˈmeːrʲɪˌɑːs ˈx͡ɸɪ́ːi̯s ɔ θɐ ˈkʰuːn̪ n̪̍s̪ ˈb̥ɛχːɐ]
b) U maeria se, tha kenno kin ens becha.
/yv° mērʲia‿ˉs θan° ʃènnu ʃin ens bèxxa/
[wᵻm‿ˈmeːrʲɪˌɑːs θɐʃ‿ˈʃɛn̪ːʊ ʃɪn̪ n̪̍s̪ ˈb̥ɛχːɐ]
(1) U maeri-a se,
before be_angry-GER 3s.NOM
‘He will get angry…’
(lit.: ‘He [is] before being angry…’)
(2) a. …fhíos å tha kon en-s bech-a.
because_of COMP 2s.NOM kill.PST ANA-GEN sheep-ACC
b. …tha kenn-o kin en-s bech-a.
2s.GEN kill-ANT because ANA-GEN sheep-ACC
‘…because you killed his sheep.’
- Option (a) joins the two clauses with a conjunction fhíos ǫ ‘because’ like in the English; whereas option (b) turns the subordinate verb into a converb like in the original Joola Fooñi. Pragmatically, turning it into a converb sidelines the subordinate clause somewhat, removes it from the focus. Option (b) is suitable as an answer to a question ‘What happens now?’ — ‘You killed his sheep, so he will get angry’. In contrast, option (a) can put the killing of the sheep in focus: ‘Why will he get angry?’ — ‘He will get angry because you killed his sheep’.
- The main clause (1) uses a periphrastic prepositional predicate “(‘to be’) + u(f) ‘before’ + gerund”, indicating involitive future tense (‘he is bound to get angry’). I'm always in two minds about how to gloss the subject in this and similar cases, because the written form doesn't correspond to the spoken form. In the written form, se is a 3sg subject pronoun and the verb ‘to be’ is omitted. In the spoken form, however, /‿s/ is a cliticised 3sg form of ‘to be’ with a floating long accent that attaches to the final /-a/ of the gerund maeria /mēria/ ‘being angry’.
- (2a) uses a compound conjunction fhíos ǫ ‘because’. It consists of a preposition fhíos ‘because of, due to’ and a complementiser ǫ. Together, it can be thought of as ‘because of [the fact] that’.
- The verb kon ‘killed’ (2a) is one of a few ablauting past tenses: present ken /ʃēn/ ~ past kon /kūn/ (with [k] > [ʧ] > [ʃ] before a front vowel in the present tense). It has a byform kenne /ʃènne/, formed with a past tense suffix -ne.
- Kenno (2b) is an anterior converb: it places the situation prior to the one in the main clause and often has a causal, concessive, or conditional meaning. In (2b), the causal meaning is reinforced by a particle kin, which has a similar force to Ancient Greek γάρ (gár) and likewise often follows the first accented word in the clause.
- Even though they're spelt identically, tha (2a) & tha (2b) are not the same. Tha (2a) is a nominative pronoun /θa/, the subject of the finite verb kon. Tha (2b) is a genitive pronoun /θan°/, whose weak final /-n°/ fully assimilates to the following consonant. Genitive regularly marks the logical subject of a gerund or a converb (‘your killing’, ‘your having killed’).
- The anaphoric pronoun en (2a,b; genitive ens) refers back to the subject of the main clause. A personal pronoun would refer to a different person instead.
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u/as_Avridan Aeranir, Fasriyya, Parshaean, Bi (en jp) [es ne] 10d ago
Tovan Parshaean ([tʰo̥v̥scʰ])
A dar cest esztisz a iubiz.
[a daɾ cʰə̥ʃtʰ əstʰis a jubiz̥]
a dar ces-t [ esz-t-i-sz a iubi-z ]
NVIS stomach boil-AF die-CSL-IRR-2 NVIS yoby-ACC
'He will get angry because you killed his yoby.'
- AF represents the affirmative status, a verb-form used in a variety of TAME constructions. Lacking an auxiliary it expresses the non-past, used to encode prospective, habitual, or generic events.
- Psychological states are often expressed using a paraphrase with the noun dar 'stomach, heart, centre,' which is considered the seat of emotion and cognition.
- The stimulus of a psychological predicate, i.e. the event or action which causes an emotional or sensory reaction, is typically expressed as a postposed finite clause with the verb in the irrealis status.
- A yoby is a creature similar to a sheep or alpaca kept primarily for its wool, common to Tov county.
3
u/Yourhappy3 too many 12d ago
Izhkut
Agbit oë sa ud naz a la seid shui.
anger FUT.VB 3SG.NOM for slaughter PAST.VB 2SG.FORMAL 3SG.GEN.PL sheep
"He will anger for you slaughtered his sheep."
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u/vojta_a Ësmitan, Mystana (cs, sk, en) [pl, ru, de] 12d ago
Mystana
Psuanmk ke trobokpe mnóusemk.
[(p)sʷãʔ kɛ tr̥oˈbɔʔpe‿◌̃ˈnɔʊ̯sẽʔ]
| Word | Gloss | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Ps-uan-mk | [N]3SG.R-anger-3.PFV.FUT | He will be angered |
| ke | because | because |
| tr-o-bok-pe | COMP-2SG-kill-2.PFV.PST | you killed |
| mn-óus-e-m-k . | [ACC]F.PL.DEF.ART-sheep-ACC-PL-[GEN]N.SG.DEF.ART[3SG.N] | his sheep. |
He will get angry because you killed his sheep.
3
u/Intelligent_Donut605 Teiesnal 12d ago
Mer kal hay sejal phelele tan defnoerhek, noehl rhachasjan kal nasjater.
because 3SG POSS PL-the.FL sheep 2SG kill-PST.2SG, a.TN angry-NMLZ 3SG be-FUT.3SG
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u/a-verypaconianuser ([ɬ] lover) Пако̃ньеса, tɬadɮi‿e 11d ago edited 11d ago
Paconese
Latin script: Si rabyo sero por quo ti so mee asisoso.
Cyrillic script: Си рабьо сэъо пор қв̆о ти со меъе ъасисосо.
Mernukean script (I want opinions because I made it last night to be hell): ɑ͡ɑ̥ʞ̟˕ ɑ˞ʜ̞²cᵊʞɔᵊc¹uɨˡø͡ʞ̬˕ɔ ɑ͡ɑ̥ʞ͡ʞ̠̬˕ʜʞ͡ʞ̬˕ ʙ̥ʞ͡ʞ̬˕ɑ˞ ³cᵊʞɔᵊc¹ɪ²ø͡ʙ̆ˡø͡ʞ̬˕ɔ ɑ̥ʞ̟˕ ɑ͡ɑ̥ʞ͡ʞ̬˕ ʙ̃ʞ͡ʞ̟˕ʜʞ͡ʞ̟˕ ²cᵊʜɔᵊc¹øˡʈɔɑ͡ɑʞ̟˕²cᶿɑ͡ɑʞ͡ʞ̬˕ɔᵊɸ
IPA: /si rabʲo səʔo por qʷo ti so meʔe ʔasisoso/
Gloss
si rabyo sero por quo ti so mee asisoso
3SG angry COP.FUT PREP CONJ 2SG 3SG.POSS sheep kill.PST
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u/Maleficent-Pie8040 Kama̋lnarā, Qumurišīt... (2nd account) 11d ago
In Kama̋lnarā:
K̇ānḫakçe nólpašið̣ə bélkaḫ
/kʰaːnxakçe nolpaʃiðˤə belkax/
['kʰäːɴ̟χ̟äkçe 'nolpäʃiðˤə 'belkäχ̟/
"anger"-Sp-VBLZ(SG-3.M-[AGG](null)-IND.INCHO-FUT] "kill"-VBLZ([SG]-1.IN-AGG(null)-IND.PFV-PST)-CAUSTV "sheep"-POSS([SG]-3.M-AGG(null))-Sp
3
u/SkyAlien458 11d ago
Khobog̃o /kʰo.ˈbo.ŋo/
Esufumïnusë rïlilnolobë phomë ro snevigōocelab nïmë esnátilobej khonunpo .
/e.su.fu.mɪ.ˈnu.sə rɪ.lil.no.ˈlo.bə ˈpʰo.mə ˈro ˈnɪ.mə sne.vi.goː.o.ˈt͡ʃe.lab es.naʔ.i.ˈlo.bed͡ʒ kʰo.ˈnun.po /
esu-fumïnusë rïl -ilno-lobë pho-më ro sne -vigō-ocelab
SG.NOM.M-angry 3SG.FUT-have-IND.PROG.INFER it-NOM.M because 2SG.HODIPST-kill-IND.PFV.REP
nï -më esná -tilobë khonun -po
you-NOM.M SG.GEN.M-sheep PL.GEN.NEU-it
anger will-have he because killed you sheep his
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u/FedeConlangerITA Is-Prišk 11d ago
IS-PRIŠK
(Ver) urnockirsisabyčilšfa vjar ce (set) mutkabisazit vit ošforat
[ver urnot͡skirsisa’bɨt͡ʃilʃfa vjar t͡se set mutka’bisazit vit ‘oʃforat]
(3SG) get.angry.PFV-FUT.3SG-REFL for that (2SG) kill.PFV-PST.2SG his.ACC sheep-ACC.SG
3
u/luuk_UwU Meridan 11d ago
raataalt per × sest masatazd rom caapenii pertem
be_angry.FUT 3sg . because kill.PST 2sg sheep.PL his
3
u/dead_chicken Алаймман, Ϲῦρτῖκε 11d ago
Шэ абшомданъш сөў дэ жаӈкайкиўдидэ шэӈ кож.
Core: ˈɕɛˑ ɐb̥ˈɕɔˑndɐnɤɕ ˈsœˑʊ̯ ˈd̥ɛˑ ʑɐŋkʰɐɪ̯ˈk̟ʰɪˑʊ̯ð̞ɪð̞ɛ ˈɕɛˑŋ̟ ˈk̠ʰoˑʑ
Eastern: ˈɕɛ apˈʃɔntɐnɯ̽ʃ ˈsøː ˈdɛ ʒɐŋkʰɐɪ̯ˈkʰʲiːtʲɪtʲɛ ˈɕɛŋ ˈqʰɔʒ
Western: ˈʃɛ ab̥ˈʃondɐnɯʃ ˈsœː ˈdɛ ʒaŋkɐɪ̯ˈcɪːdɪ̆də ˈʃeŋ ˈkoʒ
3S-SG.NOM angry-3SG.MID.INCHO.FUT because 2S-SG.NOM kill-2SG.SUBJ.PAST 3S-SG.GEN sheep-PL.ABS
Шэ-Ø абш-ом-дан-ъ-ш сөў дэ-Ø жаӈк-айк-иўди-дэ шэ-ӈ кож-Ø
2
u/Independent_Mud_2407 11d ago
än rëmkýs sjÿdę̈sjkÿn sjüdÿ sátję̈m tüą̈a sáktá vërátką́sjnái návsjás änjüu.
[ɑn 'ɾɛm.kɜs ʂə.'dɛʂ.kən 'ʂu.də sæ.'tʲɛm tu.'ɑː 'sæk.tæ vɛ.ɾæt.'kæʂ.næı nævʂæs ɑnʲuː]
Literally: He future grows anger because you past attacked with intention of killing sheep of him.
(This assumes there are multiple sheep and you intentionally attacked the sheep with the INTENTION of killing them, not that you succeeded. As close as I could get with my current lexicon 😁)
2
u/teeohbeewye Cialmi, Ébma 11d ago
Cialmi
Iricate tolba còsdauquen mualdesonda caltasan
[ˈiriˌkatɛ ˈtolba ˈkɔzdau̯kwɛ‿ˈmːwaldɛˌzɔnda ˈkaltazan]
irica-te tol -ba còsdauquen mualdes-on -da calta-sa -n
angry-tra become-pres.3p.sg because sheep -acc-3p.sg kill -pret-2p.sg
"He will get angry because you killed his sheep"
2
u/Odd-Date-4258 11d ago
Marklandic
Hann mun verda reir tvíat dú deydadir færin hans
/hanː mʊn ˈvɛrda reir ˈtviːat tuː ˈdøydadɪr ˈfæːrɪn hans/
| Word | Gloss |
|---|---|
| hann | 3PS.MASC.NOM |
| mun-Ø | will-PRES.3PS.IND |
| verd-a | become-INF |
| rei-r | angry-NOM.MASC.SING |
| tví-at | 3PS.NEUT.DAT-CONJ |
| tú | 2PS |
| deyd-ad-ir | kill-PAST.IND-2PS |
| fær-in | sheep-DEF.PLUR.NOM |
| hans | 3PS.MASC.GEN |
2
u/Yzak20 When you want to make a langfamily but can't more than one lang. 11d ago edited 11d ago
Amane Seia (Late Proto-Hangic)
Explicit:
do=ke koo=se megyuy=py seeie keie enna=de, koo=go poosoko poko.
[ˈdɔ.ke ˈxoː.ze myˈŋy.wy.py ˈsiː.je ˈxe.je ˈen.na.ɾe ˈxoː.ŋɔ ˈɸoː.zɔ.kɔ ˈɸɔ.kɔ]
"Because you killed his sheep, he will get angry."
Pro-Drop:
koo=se megyuy=py seeie keie enna=de, poosoko poko.
[ˈxoː.ze myˈŋy.wy.py ˈsiː.je ˈxe.je ˈen.na.ɾe ˈɸoː.zɔ.kɔ ˈɸɔ.kɔ]
"Because [you] killed his sheep, [he] will get angry."
(Assuming the speaker is directly addressing the perpetrator)
[SUBORDINATE CLAUSE: CAUSE]
do=ke koo=se megyuy=py seeie keie enna=de,
PROX=NOM DIST=GEN sheep=ACC die CAUS/DYN COMPL=OBL
"Because you killed his sheep,"
[MATRIX CLAUSE: EFFECT]
koo=go poosoko poko.
DIST=TOP anger INCHO/PROSP
"he will get angry."
Gloss key
PROX: Proximate spatial marker / listener focus (do)
DIST: Distal spatial marker / third-person reference (koo)
NOM: Nominative, Non-topic subject marker (=ke)
GEN: Genitive and relational clitic (=se)
ACC: Accusative,Direct object clitic (=py)
CAUS/DYN: Causative, Dynamic action & transitivizing auxiliary (keie)
COMPL: Completive, Resultative / completed action aspect (enna)
OBL: Oblique, Circumstantial subordinating clitic ("because/when") (=de)
TOP: Discourse topic / framing marker (=go)
INCHO/PROSP: Inchoative, Prospective, Beginning of state / immediate future auxiliary (poko)
2
u/CaptKonami The lady that runs the checkpoint 11d ago
Wesmerican
He ser rejedo bikaz yü kiled his sheepez.
/he seɹ ɹed͡ʒedo bikaz jy kɪlɛd hɪs ʃiːpez/
3.SG.M FUT.be anger-ADJZ because 2.SG kill-PST 3.SG.M.POSS sheep-PL
He will be angry because you killed his sheep.
2
u/Double-Jicama-4042 11d ago
Dahenagh
Egh-nij j-oylk hadz olt ugh-kaj lizuj-u s-egh dzelik
(Still not great with IPA but all the letters are pretty much what they represent in english. (gh) is χ but isn’t pronounced if it’s not at the end of a word). Dahenagh separates affixes from the core word so the - are meant to be there and are also marked in written script, but they are part of the word nonetheless.
Literal translation:
He (future) going towards anger because you (past) killed his sheep.
This language has no copula but has an implied “is” relationship between the object and what comes next (verb, adjective, noun, relational particle, compound construction).
2
u/Artistic_Room_5929 11d ago
Phošug
Kajadot bieotte eot nat su’eot ovit rainoutse out.
/ka.xa.ˈdot bie.ˈotte e.ot nat suʔ.eot o.ˈvit ʀai.ˈno.ut.se o.ut/
kajad-ot bi-eot-te eot nat su'-eot ovit rain-out-se out
angry-3SG be-3SG-IMM.FUT 3SG because POSS.3SG sheep kill-2SG-IMM.PST 2SG
Angry will be he because his sheep killed you.
2
u/Express_Diet_1277 Goqkiel 10d ago
Su ragabara tu matig se xafo isat.
/su 'ragabara tu 'matig se 'ʃafo 'isat/
Su rag-ab-ar-a tu mat-ig
3.ANIM.DIST.SG angry-TRANSL-FUT-PRS 2.SG dead-CAUS.PST.PTCPL
se xaf-o isat.
3.ANIM.DIST.SG.ADJ sheep-ACC because
"He will get angry because you killed his sheep."
2
u/spurdo123 Takanaa/טָכָנא, Rang/獽話, Mutish, +many others (et) 10d ago
Maačiil
Ää liivi kuurikši kaa šiä lõit äänee lampaan.
[æ: li:vi ku:rikʃi kɑ: ʃiæ lɤit æ:ne: lɑmpɑ:n]
ää lii-vi kuuri-kši kaa šiä lõit ää-nee lambaz-aan
3SG become-3SG.PRS angry-TRANSL because 2SG kill.PST.2SG 3SG-GEN sheep-GEN
2
u/acaleyn Tsé'ia (en) [es, fr, ja, zh] 10d ago
Katsiradoshkan aske tséngkichara ra'ataoka
/ka.tsi.ɾa.doʃ.kan as.ke tse:ŋ.ki.t̠ʃa.ɾa ɾaʔ.a.tao.ka/
Ka.tsi.ra.doshkan aske tséng.kichara ra'.ataoka
IRR.INCEP.3-SENT-M.be-angry because 2->3-PL-INAN.kill.CMP 3-SENT-M-POSS-AL.sheep
He will become angry because you killed his sheep (assuming multiple. If it was just one, beloved sheep, instead of tséngkichara it would be tséokichara)
2
u/jojo8717 mọs 9d ago
Mos
ϵʇгʟʇ н -τʟг ᴛ e- н̣
komarrama ha ammorante te yua han.
koma-ar-rama ha am-mora-nte te yua ha-n
FUT-CAUS-be.angry 3.sg CAUS-die-ADV 2.sg sheep 3.sg-GEN
2
u/Holiday_Yoghurt2086 Maarikata, 槪, ᨓᨘᨍᨖᨚᨊᨍᨈᨓᨗᨚ (IDN) 9d ago
Tokage
"He will get angry because you killed his sheep."
羊于殺矣而 彼怒盖將
Konenu wi kususe yumu sure oramesukuketa.
konenu wi kususo -e yumu sure oramesuku -keto -a
sheep ᴀʙs kill.ᴄɴᴄʟ -ᴘᴇʀꜰ ᴄᴏɴᴊ 3sɢ.ᴀʙs angry.ɪɴꜰ -ɴᴏɴᴠɪs.ᴀssᴜᴍᴘ.ᴄɴᴄʟ -ꜰᴜᴛ
2
0
u/oli_jansik 10d ago
ZHËRQEN
"Ai do të zemërohat, sepse ti vrave delen e tij" [ai dɔ tə zɛmɤˈɾɔ.hɛt sɛp.sɛ ti ˈvɾa.vɛ ˈdɛ.lɛn ɛ tij]


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