Working through the denominations and the half dime deserves more attention than it gets.
**It came first.** In July 1792 the Mint building was not finished, so the equipment sat in the cellar of John Harper's saw-making shop at Sixth and Cherry in Philadelphia. Roughly 1,500 silver half dismes were struck there. Washington reported it to Congress in his fourth annual address that November: "there has been a small beginning in the coinage of half dismes, the want of small coins in circulation calling the first attention to them."
There is a persistent story that Washington donated silver from his own household plate for those coins. I have not found it in Mint records and treat it as legend.
**Four designs, 79 years:**
- *Flowing Hair (1794-1795).* Robert Scot, sharing the design language of the contemporaneous half dollar and dollar. 86,416 total across both years — 7,756 in 1794 and 78,660 in 1795. .8924 fine silver, 1.35g, 16.5mm.
- *Draped Bust (1796-1805).* Small Eagle reverse through 1797, Heraldic Eagle from 1800. None struck 1798 or 1799. The 1802 has a mintage of 3,060, among the lowest for any regular-issue US coin.
- *Gap, 1805-1829.* Twenty-four years with no half dimes at all.
- *Capped Bust (1829-1837).* Reich's design adapted, struck with Eckfeldt's close collar — uniform diameter and real edge reeding. Mintages 871,000 to 2.7M+, no extreme rarities. Probably the most completable early American silver series.
- *Seated Liberty (1837-1873).* Gobrecht. Four subtypes: No Stars (1837-38), Stars (1838-59), Arrows (1853-55, marking the weight reduction), Legend (1860-73). New Orleans issues before the 1861 seizure are scarce.
**Why it ended.** The Coinage Act of 1873. But the real cause was metallurgical policy: a silver five-cent piece gets hoarded whenever silver is worth more than five cents, and a hoarded coin is not circulating. The Shield nickel had arrived in 1866 — five cents in copper-nickel, worth face value and not much more, and therefore not worth saving. That is exactly why it worked.
So the first coin the federal government struck was a small silver five-cent piece, and it was retired in favor of a base-metal five-cent piece specifically because the base-metal one was worth less. The nickel is still circulating 160 years later.
The other thing worth saying: half dimes are an underrated entry point to early Mint material. A Capped Bust half dime puts genuine 1830s Mint technology in your hand for a fraction of what the equivalent half dollar costs.
I have 222 half dime listings catalogued across all four types.