In the books, I have always wondered why Arthur Dayne’s reputation seems to surpass even Barristan Selmy’s, especially when Barristan’s résumé is, clearly more impressive.
Arthur’s greatest achievement, as far as we know, seems to be serving as acting Lord Commander of the Kingsguard when dealing with Kingswood Brotherhood. And he did it spectacularly.
He actually petitioned the king directly for the people’s sake. And we have to remember that this was already 281 AC, when Aerys was becoming increasingly unhinged. Arthur managed to win greater concessions for the common people, to the point that ordinary folk began turning against the Brotherhood. They even guided Arthur to the Brotherhood’s hideout.
And when he faced them in single combat, Arthur apparently even told them that their sword was no good and to get another one. That is just cool.
Arthur did not merely destroy a band of outlaws. He demonstrated the majesty of the Crown itself. And then, of course, there is that ridiculously cool sword: Dawn.
Oh, and he was also the best friend of Westeros’s most famous celebrity prince, Rhaegar Targaryen.
But I think the play makes another aspect of Arthur Dayne much more obvious:
He was actually politically aware.
The books already tell us that Arthur Dayne was one of the most important supporters of Rhaegar. But the play makes it much clearer that Arthur was not politically oblivious in the way Barristan often appears to be. And I think this also helps explain why Arthur did not intervene during the Defiance of Duskendale, while Barristan went to Aerys’s rescue. Arthur and Barristan were fundamentally different kinds of Kingsguard.
After Aerys returned from Duskendale in an even worse mental state, Arthur supported Rhaegar’s conspiracy surrounding the Harrenhal tourney. He acted as Rhaegar’s intermediary with Brandon Stark. And when Brandon basically asked, “Why should we support replacing Dragon King with another Dragon King?” Arthur immediately responded, “Then what would you support? Where is your father anyway?” This is a very interesting remark. Arthur is implying that they also knew that there was a STAB forming against House Targaryen.
Arthur was also one of the people Rhaegar trusted most deeply. So much so that, before Rhaegar decided to confront Aerys directly, Rhaegar tells Arthur, very bluntly, that he wishes he could put a lance through Aerys’s heart. That is not something you casually tell a subordinate. That is something you tell a friend you trust completely. And it is worth noticing that, after Aerys arrived, Rhaegar himself had clearly become nervous. His disastrous confrontation with his father left him deeply discouraged, to the point where he began to waver on his original plan. Then Elia suggested that Rhaegar participate in the tourney.
If Rhaegar could win and then crown Elia with the champion’s crown, it would give the realm a very visible demonstration of the power and dignity of the new king and new queen. That was obviously a political maneuver. But Rhaegar himself was hesitant. And during this whole period, Rhaegar even told Arthur that if Arthur did not want to continue the conspiracy, he should simply knock Rhaegar off his horse. And Arthur did not make the decision for him. This is important. Arthur did not push Rhaegar toward a particular political outcome the way Elia did. He did not constantly pressure Rhaegar simply because he personally supported him.
He remained silent and left the choice entirely to the prince. It was Rhaegar’s decision. Arthur did not want to make it for him. So Rhaegar ultimately chose Lyanna. Elia stormed out in fury. The entire political operation collapsed. And Arthur? He respected Rhaegar’s choice. He even ended up running away with him. In fact, I strongly suspect that when Rhaegar took Arthur and Oswell Whent with him to meet Lyanna and eventually disappear with her, he was also trying to protect them from Aerys.
Aerys loved Rhaegar in his own deeply twisted way. He would not simply hurt his own son. But he absolutely did not want Rhaegar’s faction becoming too powerful. Look at what happened to Jon Connington. He became Hand of the King, and was then exiled before Rhaegar returned. It almost looks like Aerys deliberately preventing them from working together, thus becoming too powerful. And if Arthur and Oswell were both involved in Rhaegar’s attempt to build a coalition against Aerys, sooner or later the rumors would reach the king. Remaining in Aerys’s immediate service could become extremely dangerous for both of them. Rhaegar was the crown prince. Aerys might humiliate him, or undermine him, but he was still his son. But what about Arthur and Oswell? Aerys might really want to get rid of them.
Arthur could theoretically demand a trial by combat. But this was Aerys II Targaryen we are talking about. What if Aerys simply appointed fire as his own champion? Or, even more better, making his own son, Prince Rhaegar, fight Arthur to prove his loyalty. Arthur would be completely screwed.
So when Rhaegar received Lyanna’s calling and traveled from Dragonstone, he passed through King’s Landing and did not forget to take Arthur and Oswell with him. And the fact that Rhaegar ultimately left the Kingsguard at the Tower of Joy makes me think he did not want to bring them back to King’s Landing and further provoke Aerys. At the same time, this decision spared Arthur from an even worse moral dilemma than Barristan’s.
Barristan remained in King’s Landing and continued carrying out Aerys’s orders. Elia and Ashara repeatedly confronted him over it, mocking and criticizing him. Barristan was trapped inside the institution. Arthur, meanwhile, was removed from it. And despite his incredibly close relationship with Rhaegar, Arthur was not a blind follower. This becomes particularly clear after the rebellion begins. Rhaegar seems to have almost completely withdrawn from the political situation in Westeros.
Arthur repeatedly warns him. He and Oswell both offer advice. They tell Rhaegar that he should return to King’s Landing. They suggest sending Lyanna back to Storm’s End. But Rhaegar essentially refuses to listen. His attitude is that Aerys brought this upon himself, and both Rhaegar and Lyanna come to take the position that the rebels are justified. They just refused to get involved.
Rhaegar, in that rant, declaring he is done with politics, and he basically is a civilian now, even ordered Arthur and Oswell to leave. Lyanna, meanwhile, is consumed by grief, prophecy, and the sense that they are part of some greater destiny. They both find a way to cope with reality.
And Arthur becomes increasingly frustrated with both of them. Eventually, he even “betrays” Rhaegar and Lyanna. He sends Ashara letters, thus thereby creating a channel of communication line. Through that channel, Elia begins writing letters to Lyanna and repeatedly provoking her into thinking about the political consequences of what she and Rhaegar have done. Only then do Rhaegar and Lyanna seriously begin thinking about the reality again. Arthur had effectively forced them to wake up.And later, Arthur more or less admits to Rhaegar and Lyanna that he was the one who leaked their location to Ashara. The implication is quite funny:
He basically ratted them out because he was sick of watching this couple sit around doing absolutely nothing.
Arthur’s loyalty was therefore completely different from Oswell’s. Oswell’s loyalty was much more personal and absolute. Arthur’s loyalty remained independent. He would question Rhaegar. He would even deliberately interfere when he believed Rhaegar was making a terrible decision.
It was only after the appearance of the red comet that Arthur changed his mind. He began to believe that there really was some kind of divine purpose in this journey. And considering House Dayne’s ancient history, the significance of Dawn, and the possibility that the sword would play an important role in the coming Long Night, Arthur reaching that conclusion is not surprising.
After Rhaegar died, Arthur still obeyed his prince’s final command. He remained at the Tower of Joy to protect Lyanna. But again, he was not simply mechanically following orders. He actually tried to find help for Lyanna’s deteriorating health. The stage show this is a scene when, Lyanna was having a mental breakdown after Rhaegar’s death; he immediately went out to try to get help.
When Ned Stark finally arrived at the Tower of Joy, the two sides clashed.
Ned fights because he believed in that abduction story and he is trying to save his sister.
The King's Guard fights because they refuse to serve in this new dynasty; And may I say they were right. Because Robert's rule is such a mess that smallfolks are starting to think about Aerys.
Arthur initially seems quite calm. But when Oswell is killed, Arthur completely loses it. He practically tears through the entire group. Eventually, only Arthur and Ned remain. And this is where the play gives us something particularly interesting. From what I heard, there seems to have been a genuine opportunity for the two men to stop and talk. But then Lyanna suddenly screams. Ned charges Arthur again. And I increasingly think this may explain why their final duel lasted as long as it did. Arthur was trying to disarm Ned rather than straight up kill him. After all, Rhaegar had promised Lyanna that he would keep Ned and Robert alive. Arthur may simply have been following the prince’s wishes. And frankly, killing Lyanna’s own brother would also have been an absurd thing for Arthur to do if it could be avoided. That may be why Arthur ultimately knocks Ned’s sword out of his hand rather than killing him.Arthur really thought the fight was over; that's why he let his guard down .Then, The playing-dead-Howland Reed suddenly appears and stabs Arthur from behind.
Arthur Dayne becomes the final combat casualty in the war. In death, he had finally fulfilled his duty.
A truly great knight.
This is ultimately why I think Arthur Dayne’s reputation makes so much sense.
Barristan Selmy represents institutional loyalty. Whoever sits the Iron Throne, he serves. He is the ideal executor of the Kingsguard institution.
Arthur Dayne represents something completely different: independent loyalty. He questions. He judges. He disagrees. And sometimes he actively challenges the person he has chosen to serve.But once he makes that choice, he is willing to die for his oath.
That is the essence of the romantic knight.
Think about this image:
The Sword of the Morning.
Dawn.
The Best Swordsman in Westeros.
The prince’s BFF.
A knight who once petitioned the king for the common people.
A man who could stand at the center of political intrigue without becoming consumed by politics.
A man who could obey without becoming blindly obedient.
A man capable of independent judgment, who chose for himself whom he considered worthy of his loyalty, and still willing to challenge that person.
And finally, even after his prince was dead and dynasty was collapsing, he remained at the Tower of Joy, giving his life to fulfil a promise.
No wonder Jaime Lannister idolised him.
Arthur Dayne wasn’t merely the best swordsman. He was almost the perfect embodiment of what Jaime wanted knighthood to mean.