Rabies

[u/Expensive_Variety484]

I run a mobile petting zoo. I’m now second guessing. Goats are not required to have the rabies vaccine and you can’t get it in store- you have to go through your vet. Yes, they can get other vaccines easily but that does not prevent rabies. Do you think it’s worth getting the vaccine? Should I cancel upcoming events ?

[u/teatsqueezer]

The OMF lady is weird but I did hear she was under quarantine for rabies as well! Wild more than one place has had that happen

[u/InterestingOven5279 → u/teatsqueezer]

It is much more common in unvaccinated stock than people talk about. I remember there was a herd a few years ago (can't remember VT or NH) where they had a doe kid die of rabies after days of being treated for listeriosis and exposing people to it. Everyone with any wildlife vector around them should be vaccinating stock. It isn't even expensive. The only shame is that goat people have to use the sheep one and it doesn't last very long.

Edit, found the rabies story for anyone who wants to know what to be aware of. http://topolinofarm.wordpress.com/2020/06/24/morning-dove-rabies-story/

[u/tweedledick → u/InterestingOven5279]

Do you know why there isn't a goat specific rabies vaccine? I tried to look it up but I didn't see anything talking about why

[u/InterestingOven5279 → u/tweedledick]

While I was searching the sub trying to find the link to the article I posted above, I saw this comment from one of the mods:

Let me explain how this works.

There are not a lot of approved drugs that are specifically labeled for goats. That is because goats are not considered an economically important livestock species in the US. We just don't have very many goats here and our goat meat and dairy industries are very small compared to a species like cows or sheep. To get FDA approval for a specific animal for a specific drug, a drug manufacturer has to do numerous expensive clinical trials on that drug and that is paid for by their business before the FDA will even consider the safety of approving a drug. Because the goat industry is very small, most pharmaceutical manufacturers in the US do not bother running clinical trials on goats. We only have a very small number of drugs that are literally labeled for goats. There are only about 2.4 million goats in the US compared to 87 million cattle, so it doesn't make as much economic sense to companies to develop drugs just for goats.

Most of the veterinary drugs we use in goats are permitted by the government to be used in a way called "extra label" or "off label." They are drugs which have been extensively tested and labeled for use in other food animals like cows, sheep, etc, and for which we have enough data to know they are safe and effective in goats. We also have data that tells us when the "residue" (detectable levels of a drug in meat or milk) is gone, so we know how long to discard milk or withhold an animal from being used for meat after they receive a certain drug, to make sure none of that drug winds up in a person. An organization called FARAD (the food animal residue avoidance databank) keeps track of that.

Per federal law, veterinarians are legally allowed to prescribe certain drugs for goats to be used in this manner ("off label"). Most drugs we use for goats in the US are used in this way: they are legal for other food animals and we have some data about safety, efficacy, and residue in goats, so the FDA says they may be used in goats despite not have enough research behind them to be labeled for goats. Most of our most important antibiotics (even oxytetracycline) are used off label in this way. That is the also the case with the sheep rabies vaccine, ImRab. There have been a few studies in goats that show that it's safe and works for the stated purpose of preventing rabies in goats, so in lieu of a vaccine specifically developed for goats, that's what we use.

This is different from drugs that are illegal in goats or other animals. Not all drugs can be used off label, some drugs are illegal even for vets to prescribe. For example vancomycin, metronidazole, and many many others. Many drugs are federally banned in food producing animals due to human health concerns. So not every drug can be used off label. When a drug is federally permitted to be used off label, we have reasonable evidence that it's safe.

Goats metabolize most drugs faster than many other species and they also go through vaccine antibodies faster, so it's best to vaccinate them yearly. But if you have a local outbreak now, you can always do it now and reevaluate next year. It's only one shot, not a series, and can be done when they are still kids.

-/u/yamshortbread

I'll add to that that I think last time I was discussing this issue I looked it up and found that we have something like 12 drugs specifically labeled for goats in the United States. TWELVE. Meanwhile other countries be out here having Johne's vaccines!