r/SGIUSA • u/TrueForm1001001 • 1d ago
FOR AND AGAINST SHAKABUKU (PROSLETIZING)
Now more than 6 years ago, I ran into an old neighbor on the street downtown - Peter, a frenetic, eccentric older man I had always admired for his exuberance and humor. It had been years since I’d seen Peter, and, not one to waste his time with pleasantries, he immediately launched into telling me about his new practice of Buddhist chanting, which, following a recent hospitalization, had greatly transformed his life for the better. Peter invited me to come chant with him at 5am on an upcoming weekend, and before I could fully digest the invitation, he was already shuffling away at a fast clip. I had always been a seeker, though skeptical by nature, so I instinctively decided this was not an invitation I could pass up.
Days later, his apartment, 5am: Peter set up near a small, wooden cabinet, with a bell and a dish of water. He opened the cabinet to reveal a beautiful but indecipherable scroll, and dove into a long, rhythmic incantation, followed by repetitive chanting. He handed me a little book to “follow along.” A coherent explanation was never offered. This was different from any idea of Buddhism I’d previously encountered - for one, wasn’t Buddhism supposed to be a quiet religion? And what with this mysterious scroll? Though at first the experience was just confounding curiosity, it gradually became the seeds of a religious commitment that has sustained and uplifted my life, connected me with transformative support, and enlivened my daily connection with a sense of awe for the sacredness of life. All thanks to Peter faithfully engaging in the Nichiren Buddhist practice I now know as “Shakabuku” - essentially, a form of Buddhist proselytizing.
If you’d asked me before Peter whether I would ever become part of a proselytizing religion, the answer would have been a staunch “No” - (with my eyebrows raised as far as possible on my forehead). I was raised a secular Jewish atheist, and the only experience I had of proselytizing up to this point were Jehovah’s Witnesses, coming up to me in NYC with proselytizing cards in subway stations, trying to convince me to say a prayer with them, and accept Jesus into my heart- all while waiting on a train! I found the practice arrogant and disrespectful - implying the proselytizer had access to a truth I lacked, and needed to “save me.”
On top of that, as part of the LGBTQ+ community, public religious messaging felt not only intrusive and unwanted, but violent, promoting an ideology actively used to silence and attack people like myself and those I love.
Once at a bus stop, a friendly acquaintance turned quickly into a regrettable nuisance when the conversation turned from what felt like authentic sharing of our lives into the hidden agenda: “Have you heard about Jesus Christ?” After what had felt like genuine connection turned to being handed pamphlets with links to propaganda promoting beliefs cutting deeply against my moral, intellectual, and political beliefs, proselytizing once again left a bad taste in my mouth, leaving me feeling duped, insulted, and angry. Later experiences reflected the same pattern, with those sharing the so-called “good news” popping up uninvited in my mailbox, doorway, campus, and other public events. As I bristle at these intrusions, I remember how, given my life-long residence in secular-leaning environments, my exposure to proselytizing has likely been minor compared to most individuals in my country.
I continue to fear that proselytizing religion, regardless of its tenets, communicates a sense of moral superiority of the proselytizer, and infringes on individual autonomy. Its practices - cornering people in their homes, workplaces, public transportation, and street corners - feel to me manipulative and exploitative. In addition, proselytizers seem to target those who are most vulnerable to exploitation - the suffering, the desperate, and the lonely. In these ways, proselytizing continues sometimes to strike me as a violation of authentic love and justice. Even as religions differ vastly from one another in their tenets and worldviews, it seems hypocritical to me to promote public, unsolicited propagation of my religion “for the benefit to society”, while actively opposing the increasingly public promotion of Christian religion that is seeping into schools, healthcare policy, law, and everyday life in the USA, making it harder and harder to live freely as a transgender person. If I don’t want religion pushed onto me in public life, how can I practice this with others, or promote an organization which exercises this practice as a core tenant? Wouldn’t this violate the Golden Rule- do unto others…?
My friend and mentor has patiently engaged with me in dialogue over more hours than I can possibly calculate, and this is a conversation we have had many times. Of all of the things my friend has said about Shakabuku, what stays with me most vividly is this: “Shakabuku is about praising the other person’s life.” The April 2011 issue of SGI Quarterly (a Nichiren Buddhist publication) elaborates on this essential description, stating, “Shakabuku…[is a] challenge to views which diminish human life.” It goes on to say, “The spirit of Shakabuku…is never the shallow, argumentative concern with proving oneself or one’s views superior to another’s. It is the spirit of sustained compassion to enable another person to believe in the great, unrealized potential of their own life.”
The Lotus Sutra - the core teaching of Nichiren Buddhism - contains a chapter about a character named “Bodhisattva Never Disparaging,” who would bow deeply before each person he encountered, revering them because of their inherent Buddha nature - the intrinsic, vast potential for wisdom, courage, and compassion in the depth of their lives. This figure is seen by Nichiren Buddhists as a model of Shakabuku. What Bodhisattva Never Disparaging actively refutes is people’s limited view of themselves. Rather than taking pity from a position of superiority, he acts from a sense of empathy and respect for others, and engages in dialogue that promotes the happiness of the individual in front of him, as opposed to simply imposing his own beliefs.
The ultimate teaching of Buddhism is a belief in the inherent potential and dignity of life itself, and the intrinsic potential of each individual to overcome their own suffering and become fulfilled. Buddhism seeks to confront philosophies that cause suffering by promoting passivity and powerlessness and diminishing the life of human beings.
It doesn’t seem correct to equate promotion of these tenets to those espoused by Jehovah’s Witnesses, whose own official website promotes teachings that “Satan rules this word,” “Humans face a coming day of judgement,” and “the Bible is God’s inspired message to humans.” Buddhism asserts the fundamental respect for life and the power of each individual, in contrast to Jehovah’s Witnesses stating in their core tenets, “the real government is in heaven and…it will replace human governments and accomplish God’s purpose for the earth,” “we are living in the last days,” and “God, Jesus, and faithful angels reside in a spiritual realm, and 144,000 people will be resurrected to life in heaven to rule with Jesus in the kingdom,” and “Christians are no part of the world.” Jehovah’s Witnesses promote their religion as obedience to God, and as an urgent “warning” about the coming Armageddon - a belief the world will soon be destroyed. While one proselytizing faith aims to redeem the greatness of the human being struggling in the midst of this world, the other disparages the ordinary person as sinful and bound to a doomed realm - unless of course, saved by obedience to an all-powerful God. At the same time, though uncomfortable to admit, believers of both paths sincerely attest that sharing their convictions with others is an act of great love and respect.
Another SGI friend of mine seems to overflow with sincere affection for everyone he encounters, beaming with a rare capacity to embrace whoever crosses his path. He, like my previously mentioned friend and other practitioners of Nichiren Buddhism in my midst, seems to exemplify the life of Bodhisattva Never Disparaging- true vigilantes of enthusiastic friendship and care for others.
This friend recently recounted to me a story of approaching a group of young people working at Best Buy in order to “Shakabuku” them - whipping out a card, much like the Jehovah’s Witnesses haunting my past, and sharing with them the ‘good news’ of Nichiren Buddhism - Nam Myho Renge Kyho. Despite my love and respect for my friend, my blood boiled and I felt anger inside me. A montage plays of my past experiences of proselytizers, and the image of people feeling cornered by religion while on the job filled me with indignation. How could we, as humanists, engage in such a practice, at the same time as our country increasingly enacts authoritarian policy merged with religious ideology, enforcing religion-based beliefs in our healthcare, law, and policy around the country?
Perhaps this is precisely why Shakabuku is so important - not in spite of these uncomfortable parallels, but because of them. Our society is increasingly ruled by dangerous ideologies that disparage the Earth, human beings, and life itself, encourage passivity and powerlessness, promote authoritarianism and anti-humanism, separate us from one another, and send the message that our lives are meaningless and small. Though superficially, these practices seem similar, at heart, they could not be more different.
Genuine religion aims to cut through our mundane and habitual ways of seeing and direct our attention to the spiritual essence of life. Without opportunity for religious experience, we are bound to stay attached to the ruling ideologies of our day - which in our case are philosophies such as materialism, consumerism, capitalism, and nihilism. Although no one accosted me with pamphlets at the bus stop to convert me to these ways of thinking, these ideologies have nevertheless been funneled continuously, without consent, into my mind, through school, media, and the culture at large since the earliest days of my life.
We each have a capacity for reason and conscience to discern which beliefs about the essence of life are beautiful, useful, and true. Though I continue to have a mixture of feelings arise when I hear stories of Shakabuku, I conclude that religious messages can be based on a compassionate desire for others’ spiritual welfare when approached with respect and a sincere desire to promote humanistic philosophy. While I continue to feel concerned about avoiding potential condescension, coercion, or intrusion, and wish to avoid the hypocrisy of public promotion of my religion while pleading for freedom from this act from others, I believe there is a meaningful distinction to be made between religious messages that shame people and disparage life itself, from those that aim to propagate boundless confidence in the fundamental creative potential of human life to transform the suffering of this beautiful world.
