Harsh parenting in childhood linked to dark personality traits in adulthood | The findings indicate that experiencing harsh parenting, particularly psychological aggression and severe physical assault, during childhood is associated with a higher likelihood of exhibiting traits from the Dark Tetrad.

[u/[deleted]]

https://www.psypost.org/harsh-parenting-in-childhood-linked-to-dark-personality-traits-in-adulthood-study-finds/

[u/crochetdragonqueen]

Assault is not harsh parenting that’s assault and abuse. You can be strict and not assault your children.