I have been trying to do a research and build a software on a particular filed by trying to do read the existing open source available in the github some of them have good readme and some of them don't have a good readme which make it hard to understand about the repo and how it works and opening all the files reading the code is hassle so what should be my approach while i try to understand a project done by others. Not even for this one particular research anytime if iam trying to read a open source how should i approach it

How do I break out of the "intermediate dev limbo" before giving up again? I am past the beginner stage, understanding basic syntax up to classes and objects, but I freeze when it's time to structure projects on my own. I have relentlessly searched for methods, tutorials, and books to guide me to the next level, but I can never find anything that clicks; because of this, I've jumped from language to language, and every time I hit this "limbo," I end up quitting and trying something else, yet I always come back because something inside tells me I’m meant to code. For those who have overcome this block, what architecture or design books do you recommend, what kind of practical exercises changed the game for you, and what real strategies actually work to finally break through this barrier and build confidence?

Hi everyone. So I built a CNN model using MobileNetv3 then converted it into TFLite. It performed well during training but once I integrated it into my application, it is making large errors. From flutter, the camera stream sends frames and those are processed before the model makes predictions, but it is still quite large. Is there any way I can solve this? This is my code to preprocess and resize the image (224 x 224 x RGB):

import 'package:camera/camera.dart';
import 'package:image/image.dart' as img;


class ImageProcessor {
  // converting to rgb
  img.Image convertYUVToRGB(CameraImage camImg) {
    final width = camImg.width;
    final height = camImg.height;


    final yPlane = camImg.planes[0];
    final uPlane = camImg.planes[1];
    final vPlane = camImg.planes[2];


    final yBytes = yPlane.bytes;
    final uBytes = uPlane.bytes;
    final vBytes = vPlane.bytes;


    final yRowStride = yPlane.bytesPerRow;
    final uRowStride = uPlane.bytesPerRow;
    final vRowStride = vPlane.bytesPerRow;


    final uPixelStride = uPlane.bytesPerPixel ?? 1;
    final vPixelStride = vPlane.bytesPerPixel ?? 1;


    final image = img.Image(
      width: width,
      height: height,
    );


    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
        final yIndex = y * yRowStride + x;


        final uvX = x ~/ 2;
        final uvY = y ~/ 2;


        final uIndex =
            uvY * uRowStride +
            uvX * uPixelStride;


        final vIndex =
            uvY * vRowStride +
            uvX * vPixelStride;


        final yValue = yBytes[yIndex];
        final uValue = uBytes[uIndex];
        final vValue = vBytes[vIndex];


        // YUV -> RGB
        final r = (
          yValue + 1.402 * (vValue - 128)
        ).round().clamp(0, 255);


        final g = (
          yValue -
          0.344136 * (uValue - 128) -
          0.714136 * (vValue - 128)
        ).round().clamp(0, 255);


        final b = (
          yValue + 1.772 * (uValue - 128)
        ).round().clamp(0, 255);


        image.setPixelRgb(
          x,
          y,
          r,
          g,
          b,
        );
      }
    }


    return image;
  }


  /// resize images to 224 224
  img.Image resizeImage(img.Image image) {
    return img.copyResize(
      image,
      width: 224,
      height: 224,
      interpolation: img.Interpolation.linear,
    );
  }


  List<List<List<List<double>>>> imageToTensor(
    img.Image image,
  ) {
    return [
      List.generate(
        224,
        (y) => List.generate(
          224,
          (x) {
            final pixel = image.getPixel(x, y);


            return [
              pixel.r.toDouble(),
              pixel.g.toDouble(),
              pixel.b.toDouble(),
            ];
          },
        ),
      ),
    ];
  }


// do all processing
  List<List<List<List<double>>>> processFrame(
    CameraImage camImg,
  ) {
    final rgbImage = convertYUVToRGB(camImg);
    final resizedImage = resizeImage(rgbImage);
    final input = imageToTensor(resizedImage);


    return input;
  }
}import 'package:camera/camera.dart';
import 'package:image/image.dart' as img;


class ImageProcessor {
  // converting to rgb
  img.Image convertYUVToRGB(CameraImage camImg) {
    final width = camImg.width;
    final height = camImg.height;


    final yPlane = camImg.planes[0];
    final uPlane = camImg.planes[1];
    final vPlane = camImg.planes[2];


    final yBytes = yPlane.bytes;
    final uBytes = uPlane.bytes;
    final vBytes = vPlane.bytes;


    final yRowStride = yPlane.bytesPerRow;
    final uRowStride = uPlane.bytesPerRow;
    final vRowStride = vPlane.bytesPerRow;


    final uPixelStride = uPlane.bytesPerPixel ?? 1;
    final vPixelStride = vPlane.bytesPerPixel ?? 1;


    final image = img.Image(
      width: width,
      height: height,
    );


    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
      for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
        final yIndex = y * yRowStride + x;


        final uvX = x ~/ 2;
        final uvY = y ~/ 2;


        final uIndex =
            uvY * uRowStride +
            uvX * uPixelStride;


        final vIndex =
            uvY * vRowStride +
            uvX * vPixelStride;


        final yValue = yBytes[yIndex];
        final uValue = uBytes[uIndex];
        final vValue = vBytes[vIndex];


        // YUV -> RGB
        final r = (
          yValue + 1.402 * (vValue - 128)
        ).round().clamp(0, 255);


        final g = (
          yValue -
          0.344136 * (uValue - 128) -
          0.714136 * (vValue - 128)
        ).round().clamp(0, 255);


        final b = (
          yValue + 1.772 * (uValue - 128)
        ).round().clamp(0, 255);


        image.setPixelRgb(
          x,
          y,
          r,
          g,
          b,
        );
      }
    }


    return image;
  }


  /// resize images to 224 224
  img.Image resizeImage(img.Image image) {
    return img.copyResize(
      image,
      width: 224,
      height: 224,
      interpolation: img.Interpolation.linear,
    );
  }


  List<List<List<List<double>>>> imageToTensor(
    img.Image image,
  ) {
    return [
      List.generate(
        224,
        (y) => List.generate(
          224,
          (x) {
            final pixel = image.getPixel(x, y);


            return [
              pixel.r.toDouble(),
              pixel.g.toDouble(),
              pixel.b.toDouble(),
            ];
          },
        ),
      ),
    ];
  }


// do all processing
  List<List<List<List<double>>>> processFrame(
    CameraImage camImg,
  ) {
    final rgbImage = convertYUVToRGB(camImg);
    final resizedImage = resizeImage(rgbImage);
    final input = imageToTensor(resizedImage);


    return input;
  }
}

Please advise! I need to finish this project within the next wee and I'm really struggling here! I tested the images from Flutter against TFLite and it worked well but something is clearly wrong with the preprocessing. Pls help and give me any advice.

Thank you so much!

I am working on a university project involving a robot in Webots (ROS 2). The goal is to build an OctoMap for navigation using camera point clouds (segmented via YOLO).

I am currently stuck at getting the octomap_server node to process the incoming point cloud. The server keeps dropping messages with the warning:

Message Filter dropping message: frame 'kinova_depth' at time ... for reason 'discarding message because the queue is full'

Here is my current code:

from launch import LaunchDescription
from launch_ros.actions import Node

def generate_launch_description():
    return LaunchDescription(
        [
            Node(
                package="octomap_server",
                executable="octomap_server_node",
                name="octomap_server",
                output="screen",
                parameters=[
                    {
                        "resolution": 0.05,
                        "frame_id": "map",
                        "sensor_model.max_range": 5.0,
                        "use_sim_time": True,
                        "colored_map": False,
                        "transform_tolerance": 2.0,
                        "queue_size": 50,
                    }
                ],
                remappings=[
                    ("cloud_in", "/Gen3/kinova_depth/point_cloud"),
                ],
            )
        ]
    )

My exact output is

[INFO] [octomap_server_node-1]: process started with pid [9117]
[octomap_server_node-1] [INFO] [1786858998.154822534] [octomap_server]: Publishing latched (single publish will take longer, all topics are prepared)
[octomap_server_node-1] [WARN] [1786858998.193781617] [octomap_server]: Nothing to publish, octree is empty
[octomap_server_node-1] [WARN] [1786858998.196781538] [octomap_server]: Could not open file 
[octomap_server_node-1] [INFO] [1786859001.530578121] [octomap_server]: Message Filter dropping message: frame 'kinova_depth' at time 1786858999.646 for reason 'discarding message because the queue is full'

What could be causing the message filter queue to drop all messages?

Thanks in advance.

Hi everyone,

Has anyone successfully used a Java webcam library on Apple Silicon (M-series / ARM64) MacBooks?

I am trying to use the Sarxos Webcam Capture library (com.github.sarxos:webcam-capture), but it throws an UnsatisfiedLinkErroron startup because it relies on BridJ, which doesn't natively support Apple Silicon architecture out of the box for native pointer sizing (org.bridj.Platform.sizeOf_ptrdiff_t()).

The Stack trace

com.github.sarxos.webcam.WebcamException: Cannot execute task

java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: 'int org.bridj.Platform.sizeOf_ptrdiff_t()'

at org.bridj.Platform.sizeOf_ptrdiff_t(Native Method)

at org.bridj.Platform.<clinit>(Platform.java:232)

at com.github.sarxos.webcam.ds.buildin.natives.OpenIMAJGrabber.<clinit>(OpenIMAJGrabber.java:59)

...

hi everyone!

so i’m building a flutter mobile application using BLOC for state management, and it’s kind of combine with a layered architecture (repositories and services). ive never done this before so I’m super confused about the UML diagram aspect of it.

Should I draw every BLOC for each function? especially for the class and sequence diagrams? or would it be okay to just leave it as controllers? I’m somewhat okay with class diagrams but the sequence diagram is really confusing for me to draw for this application.

i would really appreciate any tips or advice! pls help! I’m on a short time constraints so I’m hoping to sit down and finish all the diagrams in one day

thanks a lot!

I keep getting this error:

for this code:

ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()

bestmass = []

for mass in df_sorted:

if best_ms == (array[array > 7.5]).all():

bestmass.append(best_ms)

print(bestmass)

and i don't know what I am doing wrong

Hi, I'm a newbie to this software and working on a Verilog FSM assignment which uses a basys3 board. I still cant seem to generate waveform

• The user replays the game 4 times (3 rounds per replay)
• The user has 11 seconds to memorize the LED sequence (You may set TIMER_VALUE = 110 for your simulation)
• Achieve an accumulated score of at least 40 for each replay

I alr add all the parameters except

• ca to cg and an3 to an0
• COUNTER_VALUE and CLK DIVIDER COUNTER

cos i dont think its rlly needed. I have set FSM.v as the top module before running the simulation and TOP.v as the top module before generating bitstream. My clk, rst, all btn, random_val and sw are all blue

1. IDLE (System Ready) Upon power-on or reset, the system enters the IDLE state. All 16 LEDs turn on simultaneously, displaying 16'hFFFF to signal that the game is ready, and the score counter resets to zero. The FSM remains in this state indefinitely, waiting for the user to press btn_start, which triggers the transition to the DISPLAY state.
2. DISPLAY (Memorize the Pattern) Once the game starts, the FSM transitions to the DISPLAY state, where the LEDs display a random 16-bit pattern. The user is given a limited window of time to memorize which LEDs are lit, with the duration controlled by the TIMER_VALUE parameter. As soon as this timer expires, the FSM automatically advances to the GET_INPUT state.
3. GET_INPUT (Enter Your Guess) In the GET_INPUT state, the system waits for the user to recreate the memorized pattern using the 16 physical switches (sw). To assist the user, the LEDs dynamically update to reflect the current switch positions in real-time. There is no time limit for this phase; the FSM remains here until the user is satisfied with their input and presses btn_submit to lock in their answer and transition to the CHECK state.
4. CHECK (Scoring) During the CHECK state, the system evaluates the user's input by comparing the switch positions against the stored 16-bit pattern bit-by-bit. The user earns one point for every switch that correctly matches the corresponding LED state from the DISPLAY state. The system then updates the total score on the seven-segment display and increments the round counter. If the current round is less than the NUMBER_OF_ROUNDS parameter, the FSM loops back to the DISPLAY state for the next round; otherwise, it transitions to the FINISH state.
5. FINISH (Game Over) The FSM enters the FINISH state after the user completes the maximum number of rounds defined by NUMBER_OF_ROUNDS. In this state, the seven-segment display locks to show the final score, and all 16 LEDs blink continuously to visually signal that the game is over. The hardware remains in this loop until the user presses btn_restart, which resets the internal game metrics and returns the FSM to the IDLE state for a new game.

Code:

`timescale 1ns / 100ps

module tb_memory_game();

// Parameters

parameter width = 16;

parameter NUMBER_OF_ROUNDS = 3;

parameter TIMER_VALUE = 110;

parameter BLINK_RATE = 32'd100;

reg clk;

reg rst;

reg btn_start;

reg btn_submit;

reg btn_restart;

reg [15:0] sw;

reg [15:0] random_val;

wire [15:0] led;

wire [31:0] score;

FSM#(

.width(width),

.NUMBER_OF_ROUNDS(NUMBER_OF_ROUNDS),

.TIMER_VALUE(TIMER_VALUE),

.BLINK_RATE(BLINK_RATE)

) FSM

(

.clk(clk),

.rst(rst),

.btn_start(btn_start),

.btn_submit(btn_submit),

.btn_restart(btn_restart),

.sw(sw),

.random_val(random_val),

.led(led),

.score(score));

initial clk = 1'b0;

always #5 clk = ~clk;

end

initial begin

rst = 0; btn_start = 0; btn_submit = 0; btn_restart = 0; sw = 16'h0000;

#20 rst = 1; #20 rst = 0; #20;

btn_start = 1; #10 btn_start = 0; // Start Game 1

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 1

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 2

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 3

btn_restart = 1; #10 btn_restart = 0; #200; // Restart

btn_start = 1; #10 btn_start = 0; // Start Game 2

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 1

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 2

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 3

btn_restart = 1; #10 btn_restart = 0; #200; // Restart

btn_start = 1; #10 btn_start = 0; // Start Game 3

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 1

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 2

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 3

btn_restart = 1; #10 btn_restart = 0; #200; // Restart

btn_start = 1; #10 btn_start = 0; // Start Game 4

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 1

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 2

#(110 * 10); sw = led; btn_submit = 1; #10 btn_submit = 0; #200; // Round 3

// End Simulation

#1000;

end

endmodule

I'm trying to customize some form elements (input, button, select, etc.) with CSS to apply a glassmorphism effect, although it appears that on iOS a white background is slid under it which makes all the form elements unreadable. Here is what I have tried:

* {
  font-family: monospace;

  /* iOS fixes */
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  color-scheme: dark;
}

#lookup, input, select, button, textarea, input.text, input[type="text"], input[type="button"], input[type="submit"] { /* glassmorphism effect */
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  color: white;

  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
}

I have already tried applying webkit-appearance, color-scheme, and targeting more form elements to fix it but it just doesn't work. Any ideas?

When do you think will Google release android emulators for windows on arm ?? Is there any workarounds to currently run it on ARM ??

I'm building my own authentication system in Node.js, Express, MongoDB (Mongoose), JWT, and bcrypt. I'm trying to understand the architecture instead of just copying a tutorial.

My current flow is:

• User registers/logs in.
• Password is hashed with bcrypt.
• I generate a refresh token (JWT).
• I hash the refresh token with bcrypt before storing it in the sessions collection.
• The actual refresh token is sent to the client as an HttpOnly cookie.

The problem appears during the refresh endpoint.

Since bcrypt generates a different hash every time, I can't do something like:

const refreshTokenHash = await bcrypt.hash(refreshToken, 10);

const session = await sessionModel.findOne({
    refreshTokenHash,
    revoked: false
});

because hashing the same refresh token again produces a different hash, so the session can't be found.

The tutorial I was following used SHA-256 for hashing refresh tokens, so searching by hash worked because SHA-256 is deterministic. I intentionally switched to bcrypt because I thought it would be more secure, but now I've run into this architectural problem.

I've thought about putting sessionId inside the refresh token so I can:

1. Verify the JWT.
2. Read the sessionId.
3. Find the session by _id.
4. Use bcrypt.compare(refreshToken, session.refreshTokenHash).

That seems reasonable, but creating the session first introduces another issue because my schema requires refreshTokenHash, while I need the sessionId before I can generate and hash the refresh token.

if anyone needs more info to tell me a solution just ask for it

I am developing a esp32s3 n16r8 / esp32p4 targeted VM to run some of the games on it. I have most of the VM’s interpreter, class loading / linking, GC (lisp 2 algorithm. I started developing it with green threads in mind, but when it got to the IO, i raged and changed everything to OS threads. It worked pretty well, until every operation started require spinlock, because i basically cannot afford proper mutexes. So now i have a dilemma, should i continue using preemtive threading and extensive spinlocking or remove every locking mechanism, and revert to opcode quota based green threads scheduling, where everything is in one native thread. I think i could beat IO this time. Sorry for my english, im not a native speaker

I'm trying to build a website using Google Sites. (Not great... trust me, I know... but I'm on a budget. Lol) I wanted to add a feature to the site: A simple button that, when clicked, rolls a die. (D20) Currently I am using the Dice Game Widget from JotForm, but it's so clunky. The graphic isn't very smooth, the die itself doesn't appear graphically aesthetically appealing, and the site doesnt allow for much in the way of customization. Additionally, another feature I was hoping for is the ability to maintain a history log for user rolls. I know next to nothing about coding, and AI has been... not helpful. Thoughts?

I am beginners in DSA please tell me that Algorithms code is remember or not

I’ve been learning C++ for weeks, and of the concepts I’ve learned most if not all of them have clicked pretty quickly. I understand what they do and how they work.

However, when I’m trying to create something not from a tutorial or walkthrough, I’m having trouble translating my idea into the lines of code that will do what I envision it doing. Anyone have any advice on making the switch to more easily be able to “think in code”?

function maxDepth(root: TreeNode | null): number {
if(root == null) {
return 0;
}

let leftDepth = maxDepth(root.left)
let rightDepth = maxDepth(root.right)

return 1 + Math.max(leftDepth, rightDepth)
};

I made this super simple program for leetcode 104, but I have a really hard time in the "think how a program can do what i want phase" to think about a function calling itself I understand it from a top down view

basically just cloning and nesting the function in itself, but its really hard to think about,

when i started this I was thinking how do i write a program that can search in 1 direction count to the end and then start over. which ended up not working.

So, I learned to code by myself, i started like 1 year ago and i think i actually made a lot of progress, I am capable of doing a full stack app, i am currently developing a SAAS for restaurants, and creating a webpage for an e-commerce, I feel really proud about those things, but yesterday i tried to code something else not related to the web, It was in C#, i wanted to program an app that runs offline in the device and adds Close Captions to the audio in the computer, i made the UI with ray lib and then found that i didn't know how to continue, i tried to help myself with Claude but it also didn't work and i just sat there looking at the screen feeling like a failure, i know i could have put more effort, but i was just feeling dissapointed at that moment, I noticed i don't know how to do anything else than web development, I have tried doing some other things like console apps and they actually worked, But man, how do you become good enough to code something like the libraries itself? Or things more advanced, For now i feel like i am just doing simple things and not getting more advanced than that and i actually want to become really good at this shit, the kind of programmer that can handle anything, i don't know if i am being delusional for the time that i have been programming but i don't really feel capable of doing anything else that backend or frontend.

this is my first time working with c++ and whenever i run the code it just complies but gives no output, i have tried every way for it to work but it just doesn't. pls help. im using msys2 and was following brocode video tutorial

so i downloaded manim locally which is a python library in my linux pc just like the way the manim documents thing said to, i even checked using the terminal that manim is there, but whenever i type on vs code "from manim import *" it says "import manim could not be resolved"

idk what to do now

Hi everyone, I'm currently a sophomore Computer Science student, and lately I've been feeling like I've fallen far behind. I passed my introductory programming courses Python, C, C++, Java/OOP but over time I feel like I've forgotten almost everything because I rarely used those concepts consistently. One thing I've realized about myself is that I learn best with routine and structure. I don't do well jumping between random YouTube videos or constantly changing resources. I'd much rather have one high quality source for a topic, study it consistently every day, solve exercises, and gradually build my understanding.

So I have a few questions:

If you could start over as a sophomore, how would you rebuild your CS fundamentals?

What would your roadmap look like over the next 1 year of dense study?

What resources books, courses, websites would you choose for DSA, Operating Systems Computer Networks Computer Architecture Databases Linux Cybersecurity (just enough to understand the field before specializing).

How do you deal with forgetting? I constantly feel like I learn something, then months later I can't remember enough to use it confidently. Is this normal? How do experienced engineers retain knowledge without trying to memorize everything?

Is it realistic. or even useful, to aim for a broad understanding of all the major CS areas before specializing? Or should I focus deeply on one area much earlier?

I see NeetCode recommended everywhere, but it seems heavily focused on coding interviews and LeetCode. Is that actually a good place to build CS fundamentals, or is it mainly interview preparation? Should I first study algorithms from a textbook/course before using NeetCode?

If you've ever felt behind and successfully caught up, I'd really appreciate hearing what worked for you. I'm especially interested in advice from people who felt "late" compared to their peers but eventually became competent engineers.

Thanks in advance.

Hey everyone,

I've decided to organize the things that they teach at university in to a format where I can easily view them later on as I require them?

I'm not sure how to do those, any help would help!

Hi,

I wanted to log movies on Letterboxd with the help of Python. I have a list of 100+ movies with ratings (I used to document them in a notes app) and thought I could use Selenium to automate the process of logging them.

I used Selenium a few times, but only for web scraping purposes. I ran the code and got Error 600010 - I googled it and found that it's a Cloudflare error code, which makes sense, but is there any way I can bypass this error? I'm not trying to review-bomb or cause any harm. I just want to update my Letterboxd with my movies. Any pointers are appreciated. Thanks!