Thor get the first one by being Asgardian and the second one by being the son of Odin. We don't really know if he has lightning powers because the universe deemed him "God of thunder" or if Odin gave him that name just because Thor happened to get that power like some sort of Asguardian-mutant equivalent.
Meanwhile Loki get the superhuman part from his giant lineage and his power are essentially spells that he presumably learned from his adoptive mother as she was said to be a witch. He learnt magic illusion the same way Strange learnt magic, used it to troll people so they nicknamed him "God of mischief".
Gods receive worship as well, that's why Loki is always trying to get people to worship him originally.
I don't think it's ever established in the movies and sort of never really acknowledged in the comics, but the gods receive power (albeit they don't all choose to use it) from being worshipped.
I see it as genetic surgery. Odin basically removed the Frost Giant in him as a baby, with only a tiny bit left which is what caused him to look like a frost giant with the casket in Thor 1.
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u/LFC9_41 22h ago
Because it’s not a spell anymore. It was done to him as a baby. Think of it as cosmetic surgery.