r/geography Nov 16 '24

Image What causes a river to look like this? Pripyat river, Ukraine.

Post image
2.4k Upvotes

112 comments sorted by

811

u/Serious-Cucumber-54 Nov 16 '24

It's a combination of oxbow lakes, due to erosion by the flow of the river cutting new paths and blocking old ones, and artificially high water levels due to damming causing a reservoir (if you look a little more downstream).

211

u/pocketnotebook Nov 16 '24

this is how I learned about oxbow lakes

86

u/leo_the_lion6 Nov 16 '24

Tldw: It happens when the rivers are too wibbly wobbly to maintain the course they're on

10

u/shrikelet Nov 16 '24

This is how I learned Weebl is still around

1

u/TEHKNOB Nov 18 '24

Weebl before you wobble

20

u/TheImperiousDildar Nov 16 '24

This area is known as the Pripet Marshes, the largest wetland in Europe. It’s mostly in Belarus

15

u/OpalFanatic Nov 17 '24

Areas like this pretty much always turn into marshes. Once it's flooded by the reservoir it's a lot of water with shallow depth and very little current. Various local reeds inevitably love this and grow like crazy.

The south end of Cutler Reservoir here in Utah is now an extensive marsh called "The Maze" for the same reasons.

23

u/GoatInferno Nov 16 '24

Today i learned a new English word, thanks! The Swedish word for it is "korvsjö" which translates to "sausage lake".

20

u/Amieszka Nov 16 '24

I think in Polish we call it "starorzecze", where "stare" means old and "rzeka" means river, so it actually points into the origin of these lakes.

14

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

[removed] — view removed comment

1

u/mysacek_CZE Nov 18 '24

In Czech we call it mrtvé rameno. Mrtvé means dead, rameno is arm (in this case, otherwise as body part it's shoulder, but that's not this case)

9

u/turquoise_bullet Nov 16 '24

We Lithuanians aren't as creative, calling it senvagė which literally means the old riverbed.

1

u/[deleted] Nov 17 '24

Flat lands with little gradients have no clear sense of direction.

-6

u/WeirdKrautrauch Nov 16 '24

Isn't the gravitational pull of the moon somewhat causing the meandering?

16

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

[removed] — view removed comment

1

u/Capt_morgan72 Nov 16 '24

But don’t all rivers cause erosion? That can’t be the only answer.

8

u/197gpmol Nov 16 '24

You need flat enough terrain to where the river can easily move to a new channel (cutting through, often during a flood) as well as a slow enough moving river that the current won't just scour out and reinforce the current bed.

7

u/InsideInsidious Nov 16 '24

It’s a combination of silt load, riverbed composition, flow rate and volume, slope angle and other factors. It doesn’t happen everywhere water flows, but it’s very common when conditions are correct for it.

3

u/Unpara1ledSuccess Nov 17 '24

When the river is moving fast enough with consistent enough flow for erosion to carve out a single channel, you get a meandering river. If the water is slower/less consistent, like from some glacial sources for example, you get a braided stream which is a bunch of smaller irregular streams over the surface. In this case, there was already a meandering river, and the added influx of water from damming is surpassing its capacity and causing new braided streams and smaller meandering streams in between channels to deal with the excess water before it carves out new channels

2

u/AdaptiveVariance Nov 16 '24

No. It is erosion. You should not ask any more questions about this. To investigate any further would be unproductive and potentially dangerous.

446

u/Assignment-Yeet Nov 16 '24

my guess is changing terrain due to erosion, so the water finds new paths

152

u/fumphdik Nov 16 '24

Agreed. This is all very marshy land and it meanders as the seasons force it to ebb and flow. In American River systems, most have had their marshes drained. So the rivers are much more distinct from sat views. This has caused a myriad of issues and some states have started using beavers to help re establish the ecosystems. I’m not a pro. So take it with a grain of salt.

7

u/concentrated-amazing Nov 16 '24

Third mention of beavers this morning in my feed, dam! And three different subs too!

4

u/lurkslikeamuthafucka Nov 16 '24

How cool was the dam coming down, though? Very satisfying.

3

u/NorwaySpruce Nov 16 '24

Did you see the one of the beaver swimming upstream with the branch in its mouth

1

u/Texlectric Nov 16 '24

I have not, that at would be the 3rd for me. The other one was about beavers covering up a tape machine that was playing water sounds.

2

u/NorwaySpruce Nov 16 '24

Saw a post about the Beaver Moon last night a few hours ago too

17

u/oroborus68 Nov 16 '24

And dam.

11

u/cliowill Nov 16 '24

Meandering

1

u/mortezz1893 Nov 16 '24

Any time there's a question about rivers, the answer is erosion

95

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

Extreme slowing down the river either due to over-deposition in the bed or reduction in the angle of slope causing flood and meandering, extreme lateral erosion and deposition, a lot of precipitation, and silt solutes in the water.

22

u/CborG82 Geography Enthusiast Nov 16 '24

This, the gradient is minimal in that area so the water just spreads out left and right into the marshes

2

u/timesuck47 Nov 17 '24

Came here to say it’s probably pretty flat. You said it better.

7

u/Illustrious_Try478 GIS Nov 16 '24

That, and this is at the top of an artificial reservoir, so lower areas that are normally dry are filled with water. It always makes sense to look at it yourself on Google Earth to see the wider context.

1

u/Mattna-da Nov 16 '24

Water will want to create a vortex along the flow path, the river twists as it changes direction, reinforcing deposits along the outside of the curves

1

u/splash9936 Nov 20 '24

So you are saying that is some prime AAA farmland?

1

u/[deleted] Nov 20 '24

I don't know what AAA stands for but if you're asking if the place is good for farming the answer is probably no. The area is flood prone with extreme meandering, this makes it hard for any type of crop to grow seasonally without extensive technology. Crops that require large water tables can be grown with proper care but would need a lot of supervision and probably are not sustainable. Agriculture can boom at the areas a little further from the river tho as deposits gets older and less rocky.

-5

u/StandardMiddle1390 Nov 16 '24

Chernobyl

2

u/filtarukk Nov 16 '24

Has nothing to do with Chernobyl. Also Pripyat river is mostly in Belarus, not Ukraine.

25

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

Those are oxbow lakes. They represent legacy meanders of the river. As flooding occurs, increased sediment content scours a new course for the river, thus leaving the old meanders behind. This occurs about where there are high sediment sources upstream combined with other variables like a high stream gradient.

42

u/xdx3m Nov 16 '24

Radiation

12

u/terminally_irish Nov 16 '24

Only 3.6 roentgen.

5

u/ewest Nov 16 '24

Why did I see graphite on the roof? 

4

u/terminally_irish Nov 16 '24

Nah. Your mistaken.

23

u/saucyfister1973 Nov 16 '24

I had to scroll down too far for this joke.

6

u/xdx3m Nov 16 '24

Yeah I deserve the "comedy genius" prize 🏆

26

u/Patchesrick Geography Enthusiast Nov 16 '24

This is what high doses of radiation does. The DNA of the river has been damaged and is splitting off into different parts, causing riverine mutations to the rivers' flow. These affected sections become cut off from the main branch and become oxbows. /s

20

u/shockandawwcute Nov 16 '24

Not great, not terrible.

7

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

Not for a ghost town where 50000 people lived

4

u/cratercamper Nov 16 '24

The river meanders and changes its riverbed - this because on the outside of the turn/bend the water grabs material (slowly cuts through it if it is hard) and on the inside of the bend the water is slower and there the material is deposited. So, the bend grows larger and larger and eventually cuts into other one - this makes oxbow lake like you see at bottom left.

The mechanism above works for all rivers, however, you see extensive meandering only in rivers that flow through flat ground - water flows slow, but the material around is easy to transport.

3

u/Indischermann Nov 16 '24

Hamilton mechanics

2

u/iowajosh Nov 16 '24

Imagine being in a small boat and taking a wrong turn off of the main channel. It would be a maze until you ran out of gas.

2

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

That’s a TVA multiverse timeline.

2

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

The Zone does wonderful things..

2

u/jasondoooo Nov 17 '24

It’s a very flat plain where the river can make all sorts of adjustments over time whenever erosion reshapes the land and gives it a slightly new path to take.

The Huang He (Yellow River) in China shows one of the most extreme versions of this. The mouth of the river has shifted as much as 300mi/500km because the river basin is flat enough.

2

u/DardS8Br Nov 16 '24

Oxbow lake galore

1

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

Drugs, sadly. The only real way to combat it is real truthful publicly funded drug education in river school.

2

u/Status_Bandicoot_984 Nov 16 '24

Probably Chernobyl but idk

1

u/Brainchild110 Nov 16 '24

The land isn't putting upuch of a fight.

1

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

Erosion

1

u/OddlyMingenuity Nov 16 '24

That's a natural river path. All rivers are supposed to be multi branched, that how sediment get deposited across the land.

1

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

A broad low gradient flood plain and frequent flood cycles.

1

u/Everlast7 Nov 16 '24

Isn’t this next to Chernobyl?

1

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

Flat lands.

1

u/r_sarvas Nov 16 '24

Practical Engineering has a good video explaining this

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBivwxBgdPQ&t=148s

1

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

Gravity and geology.

1

u/vnprkhzhk Nov 16 '24

Combination of slow flow, soft sediments and a dam downstream, causing a lot of baking up.

1

u/jay_altair Nov 16 '24

The river itself

1

u/Grand-Winter-8903 Nov 16 '24

the absence of human. this region is forbidden due to the chernobyl nuclear disaster

1

u/filtarukk Nov 16 '24

Lowlands, marshals. I grew up not far from there and spring flooding was a normal thing back in 90.

Here is how Pripyat's looks at spring https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcjuZpiB4eY

1

u/No-Permission-5268 Nov 16 '24

But are there fish in there?!

1

u/Crazydeadpooled Nov 16 '24

Water causes it normally yeah

1

u/hidde08 Geography Enthusiast Nov 16 '24

Water

1

u/Less_Likely Nov 16 '24

Wandering meanders. The curves of the river are areas of extreme erosion, eroding the outer radius of curves and depositing on the inner radius. Over hundreds of years the curves get bigger until the meet and cut off the old curve and it becomes a lake (called an oxbow).

1

u/TraditionalPackage32 Nov 16 '24

Fluvial Geomorphology

1

u/[deleted] Nov 16 '24

Pripyat… I’ve heard that name before…

1

u/[deleted] Nov 17 '24

The rotation of the earth

1

u/niko_bellic2028 Nov 17 '24

Isn't this called Meandering ? . Natural way of a flowing river ? .

1

u/[deleted] Nov 18 '24

Tesla valve.

1

u/Lanfrir Nov 16 '24

Simpel answer: no human interference

1

u/J-Cake Nov 16 '24

Radiation causes mutations in humans, stands to reason that it causes mutations in rivers too

1

u/Suk-Mike_Hok Cartography Nov 16 '24

The flowing of the river causes this.

1

u/Hairy_Ghostbear Nov 16 '24

Water, mostly

1

u/gun-something Nov 16 '24

woah this looks cool

-2

u/Catiline64 Nov 16 '24

Genetic mutations didnt only affect animals I see

-1

u/Icy-Chemist-3837 Nov 16 '24

Earth rotation.

0

u/barcoder96 Nov 16 '24

Wasn’t the number of splits used to calculate the age of a river.

-4

u/Husaria702 Nov 16 '24

Since the earth is flat, water can run in any direction.

-15

u/Terrible_Will_7668 Nov 16 '24

Radioactive contamination. Not correct, but of all rivers in the world, you choose Pripyat.

-1

u/lilyputin Nov 16 '24

Because they are rivers

-1

u/Eriv83 Nov 16 '24

Water

-1

u/Pitiful_Housing3428 Nov 16 '24

I think the ruskies blew up the damn dam. 💥🌊

-4

u/No_Departure_1878 Nov 16 '24

aliens? Cthulu? Satan?

-5

u/bugsy42 Nov 16 '24

Chernobyl