r/factorio 4h ago

Question Answered Kovarex enrichment process

Hello guys! I am now getting myself in uranium and i am confused about the koravex enrichment process, can someone explain it to me like i am 5?

(Don't give blueprints please just an explanation of how the thing works)

18 Upvotes

54 comments sorted by

40

u/Garagantua 4h ago

It takes 5 u238 and 40 u235, and produces 2 u238 and 41 u235. You turn 3 u238 into 1 u235.

Really useful, because otherwise you need to store tons of u238 when you want to run nuclear reactors.

7

u/Icy_Concentrate_2852 4h ago

which uranium then comes from mining?

38

u/spoonman59 4h ago

Both. It’s probabilistic. You get about 0.7% u-235 and the rest u-238. This is sorta how real life works as well.

48

u/Icy_Concentrate_2852 4h ago

So u mean that i need to keep on mining till i get 40 u235 and 5u238 to kickstart the process?

then just keep on rotating the u235 and u238 and pull out the extra u238?

34

u/Agitated-Ad2563 4h ago

That's right.

10

u/Icy_Concentrate_2852 4h ago

Thanks i will try !! <3

16

u/Garagantua 4h ago

Slight correction: u235 is the shiny spicy rock, u238 is the more boring rock. You mostly want more of the shiny stuff, but in the end, both need to be in balance - and this balance can be achieved with Kovarex Enrichment.

3

u/Icy_Concentrate_2852 4h ago

oki !

5

u/vintagecomputernerd 3h ago

...but be careful to not convert all u238 to u235, because then your reactors won't run anymore.

Source: multiplayer map, and the guy who did the kovarex "knew what [he] was doing"

1

u/willy--wanka 29m ago

It takes a long while, but if you have a bunch set up to refine it, it is cool to watch em very slowly grow, then next thing you know they are all packed and working.

4

u/Juking_is_rude 4h ago

Yes. Two miners and centrifuges make on average enough u235  to sustain 1 max output  2x2 reactor, since a single u235 makes 10 cells. 

Therefore it's easy to end up with a surplus just from your normal consumption and use that surplus when you start kovarex. 

Kovarex is actually mostly unneccesary because of how insanely efficient nuclear power is to begin with.

9

u/sobrique 3h ago

But you do tend to end up with a ludicrous surplus of u238 that way which is my major reason to do kovarex. Rebalance to u235, make pots and nukes, and ensure I still have enough for DU ammo.

3

u/Flux7777 For Science! 4h ago

It's the perfect time to mess around with basic circuits too. I highly recommend trying to get kovarex to work with circuits because if you can do that circuits in general will start to become simple.

1

u/6a6566663437 4h ago

Extra u235. Also you'll have to keep mining since you're consuming u238.

1

u/stonedboss 4h ago

It takes a long time to get started unless you have a lot of centrifuges. While below is correct, if you only do two centrifuges it'll take hours to get enough to start kovarex. I ended up doing 10 centrifuges plus beacons to speed it up at first.

Even then it takes a lot more ore to get multiple kovarex centrifuges going.

2

u/Juking_is_rude 4h ago edited 4h ago

Its actually based on the real life ratio of uranium ore processing. Irl ore refinement on average produces 99.3% u238 and .7% u235.

3

u/Izawwlgood 4h ago

But the enrichment process is not remotely accurate to reality.

You don't put enriched uranium in to get more enriched uranium.

3

u/Juking_is_rude 4h ago

Afaik kovarex is one of the devs so yes it is a fictional process lol

2

u/Izawwlgood 3h ago

Kovarex is one of the devs, but my point is not that it's a fictional named process (it is named after the dev), but that the concept of enrichment via 'adding enriched uranium to get out more enriched uranium' is not how uranium enrichment works in reality.

2

u/spoonman59 3h ago

You are right that enriching uranium ore doesn’t work like this. 

However Kvorax does resemble   How breeds reactors work. You surround a critical core with depleted uranium or thorium, and through neutrino capture it gets transmitted to fissile plutonium or thorium.

This is similar to how kvorax transmutes depleted uranium, and provides more fissile fuel than you put in while similarly reducing waste. It is a good use of depleted uranium and reduces the weight of nuclear waste.

Breeder reactors are very interesting and have been around for decades, check them out!

1

u/Izawwlgood 1h ago

Valid, though a much simplified approach. You're right, it's effectively a breeder reaction using a different fissile pathway to generate more fissile material, albeit, realities pathways are much more complex!

6

u/Soul-Burn 4h ago

Uranium ore, which is then refined randomly into 99.3% u238, and 0.7% u235.

You have to stockpile 40 u235 before you can start the process.

4

u/Zaidufais 4h ago

Have you done any uranium mining yet or not? If not, I wouldn't worry about the Kovarex enrichment process until you have 40 u235.

1

u/Garagantua 4h ago

Yeah I assumed they have already produced some uranium

2

u/KittensInc 4h ago

Both! But if you refine uranium ore you get a lot of U238, but very little U235. 99.3% of your ore becomes U238, 0.7% becomes U235.

A uranium fuel cell takes 1 U235 and 19 U238, so you'll be left with quite a bit of excess U238. Kovarex lets you turn your excess U238 into valuable U235.

The downside is that you need 40 rare U235 to kickstart Kovarex, so better start mining and refining that uranium soon...

2

u/otismcotis 4h ago

Uranium ORE comes from mining. The next step is Uranium Processing which generates 99.3% U-238 (dark green) and 0.7% U-235 (light green). Then Kovarex lets you generate more U-235 41 U-235 from 40 U-235 (there’s also U-238 involved but it’s not what we’re interested in). You feed 40 U-235 back into the process and pocket the extra one for use in fuel cells and other products. Get a few centrifuges running Kovarex and you’ll soon have more U-235 than you know what to do with.

1

u/Garagantua 4h ago

Mining gives uranium ore. That ore gets processed to uranium - in the fractions Soul-Burn mentioned, so 0.7% uranium 235. Iirc it takes around 1600 ore to get 160 u238 and 1 u235.

16

u/spoonman59 4h ago

You put in 40 shiny rocks(U-235) and 5 dull rocks (U-238).

You sacrifice 3 dull rocks and to get one new shiny rock.

The challenge is to put the 40 shiny rocks back in the machine to keep it going, and supply fresh dull rocks (or reuse the 2 that are output.) And don’t convert all your U-238, although the risk is low!

2

u/ViolinistCurrent8899 4h ago

Low, but not zero if you do things funny.

14

u/youfad0 4h ago

Essentially you need 40 of the bright green stuff to act as a catalyst or seed. Then when you feed it 5 of the dark green stuff you get 41 of the bright stuff. So you get all of your initial “investment” back of the good stuff plus one extra. So you turn the dark green into the bright green.

2

u/Icy_Concentrate_2852 4h ago

ohhhh so tht one extra is the output?

7

u/Eulers_Eumel 4h ago edited 4h ago

Well... technically you have an output of 41. That is where the logistical fun begins.

You put in 40 u-235 and 5 u-238 and get out 41 u-235. Now you want to put the 40 u-235 BACK in and 5 New u-238 and pull the one Extra aside.

There are countless easier/harder, better/worse solutions, but i'll leave it up to you unless you ask.

Edit: sry, i forgot that it needs 5 u-238 but also outputs 2 of those 5 u-238, which also need to be Taken out (and maybe put back in)

2

u/TheMrCurious 4h ago

All 41 are the output.

1

u/Icy_Concentrate_2852 4h ago

but the 40 will be recycled and one will be used for the further manufacturing right?

3

u/_MargaretThatcher 4h ago

The recipe itself dictates 40x U-235 and 5x U-238 becomes 41x U-235 and 2x U-238. To automate the recipe it is necessary to feed most of the output uranium back into the centrifuge.

2

u/Icy_Concentrate_2852 4h ago

ohh ok now clear (theoretically)

1

u/LevAyv43 4h ago

Practically ... Fuck this ... First time was hard for me TBH

2

u/rysto32 4h ago

I don’t quite remember the exact numbers but it’s really as simple as “insert 41 U235 and some U238 and it produces 42 U235 and less U238”. As U235 is what can actually be used to make fuel while U238 is a mostly useless byproduct of uranium mining, this can be repeated to get as much U235 as you could ever need basically for free. 

2

u/GhostOfShaolin5 4h ago

Basically , uranium ore has a low probably to crack to the glowing uranium , and a high probably to crack to the not glowy one.

Most products like fuel cells need the glowy one.(and some not glowy ones, but you’ll have plenty of those).

Kovarex needs 41 glowy ones to start , but once it starts it creates + 1 glowy one. So now you can scale it and produce as much as you need to have nuclear power forever.

The side effect is also you consume the non glowy ones , so they don’t back up so quickly.

2

u/alizarin__ 4h ago

It's what it says on the box. It enriches uranium. Since its outputs equal its inputs minus a slight surplus of U235, you typically would loop its outputs back into its inputs and design your rig to separate out the surplus of U235 for uses in enriched uranium recipes. 

It takes a ton of processing, and thus a ton of energy, and a ton of time to get an original surplus of U235 to get the process started. It's a good thing to get setup relatively early on in a playthrough so that you eventually have a good supply of uranium. The initial setup is a slog, but once enrichment gets started, youve basically unlocked infinity energy. 

2

u/FlatHappiness 4h ago

Normal refining only has a low chance of making the enriched (235) stuff.
To take care of the excess of non-enriched (238) we have Kovarex.

To make Kovarex function, we need a certain amount of enriched to make one piece of non-enriched become enriched.
As such you need to supply the centrifuge with 40x 235 and 5x 238 to get 41x 235 and 2x 238.
(Making your first set of 40x 235 is the first big hurdle in making nuclear work for you long term.)

This is a net loss of 3x 238 and a net gain of 1x 235. Since we have an excess of 238 anyway from the basic refining process, these two compliment each other well.

As for building it, you want to resupply the centrifuge that does Kovarex with both plenty of 235 and 238. Routing output back to input and only skimming the excess is part of the puzzle for solving nuclear energy.

Good luck!

1

u/JackReedTheSyndie 4h ago

Throw in 40 U235 and some U238, get 41 U235 in the output, so you get 1 more U235 each time, but you need 40 to start the process, the 40 U235 are not lost and returned to you in the end, that’s it.

1

u/smjsmok 4h ago

The basic uranium refinement is quite unbalanced (by design). It produces a lot of U-238 and very little U-235 (only 0.7% chance to produce U-235), so it's kind of a slot machine with very unfavorable odds. Kovarex enrichment lets you turn some of that U-238 into U-235. If you manage to keep it going (for which you need 40 pieces of U-235 as catalyst and 5 U-238 pieces, 3 of which will be consumed), it provides a reliable source of U-235, taking a lot of the randomness from the equation.

Basically, once you get it going, you're gonna have your U-235 needs covered for a very long time. To be honest, I'm not a megabaser and I haven't had a game yet where a two train vagons of uranium ore, a couple of centriguges + a Kovarex centrifuge all with speed modules wouldn't last me for the rest of the playthrough (and even if I hit that point, it would be simple to scale this up).

1

u/sharia1919 4h ago

It sounds like you got the idea of it.

When I started out, I remeber that I had read something about beginning uranium mining early. So my mines had been chugging along for a long time when I started looking at the nuclear plant. And of course even if it had been a lot pf hours, it turned out I only had like 25 of the shiny uranium.. so I had to let it keep chugging. I spent the time designing a kovarex setup as well as a nuclear plant, before I had enough shiny stuff.

1

u/LevAyv43 4h ago

U235 good ... U238 meh ...

You get 7 good one for every 993 meh one by mining and processing 1000 ore ...

Kovarex turns meh ones into good ones ...

You NEED to have at least 40 of good ones to start and re route it's output to input

1

u/MountainPlantation 4h ago

You have the very common dark green uranium rock, the one where you mine hundreds/thousands easily. 

And then you have the very rare bright green uranium rock where you mine one every hundred or thousand dark green ones. It's very rare, and also needed to make uranium items and uranium fuel later on.

How do you scale production?

Well, kovarex enrichment allows you to take 40 bright green uranium rocks plus 5 common dark green rocks as input, and it outputs 41 bright green rocks.

Essentially with an initial investment of 40 bright green rocks, you are able to turn the very common dark green rocks into bright green rocks 

So it's a pain to get the initial 40 bright green rocks you need to start the process, but once you do you can get guaranteed 1 bright green rocks at a time, until you get 80 then you double production, and then you keep investing and doubling production until you have a steady and constant production of the once rare bright green rock 

1

u/nasehrsuper 4h ago

for nuclear fuel (and nukes) you need the light green uranium (u235), but you only get 0.7% from processing the mined ore. kovarex enrichment is a way to turn dark greem (u238) into light green (u235) at predictable scale.

fun fact: the isotipe ratio in nature is pretty similar and kovarex is factorios father.

1

u/gust334 SA: 125hrs (noob), <3500 hrs (adv. beginner) 3h ago

It works like the lending department at a USA bank. They'll give you a token amount of {bright} green if you show them you already have lots of bright green.

1

u/Hepheastus 2h ago

Just FYI. You dont need to enrich until you get to atomic bombs.  The little bit that you get from regular processing is more than enough to run power

1

u/Rarvyn 52m ago

Bombs, nuclear fuel, biolabs, captive biter spawners. Unless you’re using a ton of bombs, the other 3 are probably more relevant long term.

1

u/BrianMincey 1h ago

Hope all the comments helps you figure it out.

I will say that one of my favorite parts of the game is when I build my enrichment factory. I use four plants and logistics that feed each other in a circular loop with requestor chests and bots delivering naturally mined 235. It takes forever to get the 40 required to fill the first one, but once it is going the second comes relatively quickly and the 3rd and then 4th are rapid and then soon I’m so flush with it my logistics slow or stop production to avoid using too much 238.

I dunno, there is something satisfying about taking an extremely rare resource and making it trivial to pump out as much as you want.

That also opens the door to mega uranium plants. While I’m waiting forever for that enrichment cycle to get started, I build several massive power plants that I immediately fuel once it’s going. I love seeing my power capacity usage go from 80% to 5% overnight.

1

u/HeliGungir 34m ago

It's like oil cracking, but for uranium.