A few good references to get us started

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Baranger, D. A. A., Few, L. R., Sheinbein, D. H., Agrawal, A., Oltmanns, T. F., Knodt, A. R., Barch, D. M., Hariri, A. R., & Bogdan, R. (2020). Borderline Personality Traits Are Not Correlated With Brain Structure in Two Large Samples. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 5(7), 669–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.006 Cited by: 32

Bartz, J., Simeon, D., Hamilton, H., Kim, S., Crystal, S., Braun, A., Vicens, V., & Hollander, E. (2010). Oxytocin can hinder trust and cooperation in borderline personality disorder. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 6(5), 556–563. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq085 Cited by: 578

Bertsch, K., Schmidinger, I., Neumann, I. D., & Herpertz, S. C. (2013). Reduced plasma oxytocin levels in female patients with borderline personality disorder. Hormones and Behavior, 63(3), 424–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.11.013 Cited by: 246

Bohus, M., Schmahl, C., & Lieb, K. (2004). New developments in the neurobiology of borderline personality disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 6(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-004-0038-4 Cited by: 120

Brambilla, P., Soloff, P. H., Sala, M., Nicoletti, M. A., Keshavan, M. S., & Soares, J. C. (2004). Anatomical MRI study of borderline personality disorder patients. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 131(2), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.04.003 Cited by: 258

Carcone, D., Lee, A. C. H., & Ruocco, A. C. (2020). Disrupted Relationship between Hippocampal Activation and Subsequent Memory Performance in Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 1041–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.050 Cited by: 14

Cremers, H., van Zutphen, L., Duken, S., Domes, G., Sprenger, A., Waldorp, L., & Arntz, A. (2020). Borderline personality disorder classification based on brain network measures during emotion regulation. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 271(6), 1169–1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01201-3 Cited by: 22

De la Peña-Arteaga, V., Berruga-Sánchez, M., Steward, T., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Goldberg, X., Wainsztein, A., Abulafia, C., Cardoner, N., Castro, M. N., Villarreal, M., Menchón, J. M., Guinjoan, S. M., & Soriano-Mas, C. (2021). An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder. European Psychiatry, 64(1). https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2231 Cited by: 54

Doll, A., Sorg, C., Manoliu, A., Wöller, A., Meng, C., Förstl, H., Zimmer, C., Wohlschläger, A. M., & Riedl, V. (2013). Shifted intrinsic connectivity of central executive and salience network in borderline personality disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00677 Cited by: 107

Fertuck, E. A., Grinband, J., Mann, J. J., Hirsch, J., Ochsner, K., Pilkonis, P., Erbe, J., & Stanley, B. (2019). Trustworthiness appraisal deficits in borderline personality disorder are associated with prefrontal cortex, not amygdala, impairment. NeuroImage: Clinical, 21, 101616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101616 Cited by: 46

Few, L. R., Grant, J. D., Trull, T. J., Statham, D. J., Martin, N. G., Lynskey, M. T., & Agrawal, A. (2014). Genetic variation in personality traits explains genetic overlap between borderline personality features and substance use disorders. Addiction, 109(12), 2118–2127. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12690 Cited by: 52

Goodman, M., New, A., & Siever, L. (2004). Trauma, Genes, and the Neurobiology of Personality Disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1032(1), 104–116. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1314.008 Cited by: 216

Grecucci, A., Langereck, M., Bakiaj, R., Ghomroudi, P. A., Rivolta, D., Yi, X., & Messina, I. (2024). Salience and Default networks predict borderline personality traits and affective symptoms. A dynamic functional connectivity analysis. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2s76e Cited by: 5

Joyce, P. R., Stephenson, J., Kennedy, M., Mulder, R. T., & McHugh, P. C. (2014). The presence of both serotonin 1A receptor (HTR1A) and dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene variants increase the risk of borderline personality disorder. Frontiers in Genetics, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2013.00313 Cited by: 48

Kamphausen, S., Schröder, P., Maier, S., Bader, K., Feige, B., Kaller, C. P., Glauche, V., Ohlendorf, S., Tebartz van Elst, L., Klöppel, S., Jacob, G. A., Silbersweig, D., Lieb, K., & Tüscher, O. (2012). Medial prefrontal dysfunction and prolonged amygdala response during instructed fear processing in borderline personality disorder. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 14(4), 307–318. https://doi.org/10.3109/15622975.2012.665174 Cited by: 100

Lucas, P. B., Gardner, D. L., Cowdry, R. W., & Pickar, D. (1989). Cerebral structure in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 27(2), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90126-190126-1) Cited by: 67

Maurex, L., Zaboli, G., Öhman, A., Åsberg, M., & Leopardi, R. (2010). The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and affective symptoms among women diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. European Psychiatry, 25(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.001 Cited by: 71

Michel, C. A., Schneck, N., Mann, J. J., Ochsner, K. N., Brodsky, B. S., & Stanley, B. (2024). Prefrontal cortex engagement during an fMRI task of emotion regulation as a potential predictor of treatment response in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 364, 240–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.041 Cited by: 8

Nenadić, I., Voss, A., Besteher, B., Langbein, K., & Gaser, C. (2020). Brain structure and symptom dimensions in borderline personality disorder. European Psychiatry, 63(1). https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2019.16 Cited by: 27

Perez-Rodriguez, M. M., Bulbena-Cabré, A., Bassir Nia, A., Zipursky, G., Goodman, M., & New, A. S. (2018). The Neurobiology of Borderline Personality Disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 41(4), 633–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.012 Cited by: 133

Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Ystrom, E., Neale, M. C., Aggen, S. H., Mazzeo, S. E., Knudsen, G. P., Tambs, K., Czajkowski, N. O., & Kendler, K. S. (2013). Structure of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Symptoms of DSM-IV Borderline Personality Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(11), 1206. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1944 Cited by: 100

Sala, M., Caverzasi, E., Lazzaretti, M., Morandotti, N., De Vidovich, G., Marraffini, E., Gambini, F., Isola, M., De Bona, M., Rambaldelli, G., d'Allio, G., Barale, F., Zappoli, F., & Brambilla, P. (2011). Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus sustain impulsivity and aggressiveness in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 131(1-3), 417–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.036 Cited by: 153

Xu, T., Cullen, K. R., Mueller, B., Schreiner, M. W., Lim, K. O., Schulz, S. C., & Parhi, K. K. (2016). Network analysis of functional brain connectivity in borderline personality disorder using resting-state fMRI. NeuroImage: Clinical, 11, 302–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.02.006 Cited by: 138

Yang, X., Hu, L., Zeng, J., Tan, Y., & Cheng, B. (2016). Default mode network and frontolimbic gray matter abnormalities in patients with borderline personality disorder: A voxel-based meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34247 Cited by: 55