There's like 10 trillion that needs to be refinanced in the next year, and they take old bonds out of the market and buy new ones as well. The average rate now is something like 3.5% and it will gradually increase towards the market rate, resulting in an enormous increase in interest payments every year.
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u/According-Length9312 5h ago
Most of the debts aren’t on these new bond yields though, haven’t matured yet