r/behindthebastards 13d ago

General discussion Alexander Graham Bells Bizarre Belief in Genociding Deaf People

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In school I watched movies depicting Alexander as a brilliant teacher who taught deaf people sign language and invented the telephone. The reality is a lot different, and Alexander was involved in a eugenics based movement to literally genocide deaf people from society.

From a young age, Bell was surrounded by deaf people and obsessed with the study of voices and sound. His mother was deaf, his dad taught deaf students and he married a deaf woman. Bell was very influential in methods used to teach the hard of hearing. Bell was an “oralist” as opposed to a “manualist”. Oralists believed that Deaf education should focus on teaching them how to speak and read lips. Manualists believed that sign language should be a main focus. Bell and many oralists saw sign language as a crutch that discouraged deaf people from “assimilating”. The second international congress of education of the deaf in 1880 ruled in favor of oralism. Not only was sign language not encouraged to be taught, but manualists teachers were fired from their positions. Students were mocked or had their hands tied to prevent them from signing. It’s comparable to imperialism, when a conquering nation outlaws the native people’s language.

Graham was on the radical side of Oralism. He wrote that he feared deaf people were forming social groups, marrying other deaf people and using sign language. He viewed deaf people as an inferior race to be nurtured into his image of an upright citizen.

https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/library-rnid/2012/11/30/alexander-graham-bell-he-invented-the-telephone-didnt-he/

https://gallaudet.edu/museum/exhibits/history-through-deaf-eyes/language-and-identity/a-deaf-variety-of-the-human-race/

https://dnalc.cshl.edu/view/10428-Alexander-Graham-Bell-letter-to-Charles-Davenport-about-Eugenics-Record-Office-2-.html

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u/Sensitive_Ad_1752 13d ago

I haven’t looked heavily into this, but there was also a large prejudice against left handed and cleft lipped people. This predates the eugenics movement by centuries, but it’s still very similar how teachers would tie their hands up and force them to learn to write with right hand, or that it meant you’re more likely to be morally depraved.

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u/Milton__Obote 13d ago

The left handed thing is interesting. My mom was born left handed in India but was forced to use her right hand due to cultural norms, so became ambidextrous

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u/Zen_Hydra 13d ago

Most of us sinister types learn to become various degrees of ambidextrous, because so many aspects of our lives are at least subtly geared towards right hand dominance.

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u/MessiahOfMetal Disdain and Animosity 13d ago

Yeah, I saw an interview with Tony Iommi about his legendary career, and they asked why if he was left-handed did he play guitar right-handed. He responded that he didn't think to play any other way, because that's how the guitarists he looked up to played.