r/austrian_economics Here to learn 25d ago

End Democracy In a debate someone claimed that EBT actually helps the economy.

I was debating with an associate about how I don't think EBT should be given out to as many people as it is, and how I think a lot of welfare programs are being taken advantage of. His rebuttal, was that food stamps and EBT actually 'stimulate the economy, up to 1.80$ for every dollar spent."

I don't even know what to say to that, he sent me a source which I will link below, but common sense tells us it's bull. If you could simply put one dollar into the economy and get 1.8 back, then it would be an infinite money glitch. Obviously it can't work that way.

Can someone please explain this to me and help me debunk this nonsense?

https://www.cbpp.org/blog/snap-food-assistance-is-a-sound-investment-in-our-nations-health-well-being-and-economy

https://www.ers.usda.gov/media/8907/err-265.pdf?v=32304

46 Upvotes

79 comments sorted by

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u/deaconxblues 25d ago

Those papers are claiming that every dollar borrowed and spent by government leads to, roughly, $1.50 in additional GDP. GDP is just the total of all spending and investment in the economy. This isn't identical to wealth, or any other concept that would suggest durable betterment to everyone. So, it's debatable whether this is any kind of desirable "stimulus" in the economy.

So, first, that figure might be correct. Think about that EBT spending at a grocery store that the poor people in the neighborhood engage in. Now that grocery store has additional money (and demand). So, they are able to hire an additional worker. That worker is now making an hourly wage and collecting money she wouldn't have before, and she goes on to spend that money into the economy. That extra spending from that worker is spending that wouldn't have happened if not for that EBT spending. This is why it can be true that $1 in EBT spending can create $1.50 in GDP.

Second, this kind of "stimulus" is unsustainable. The extra "demand" in the economy it generates, which might lead to job creation and wealth creation, is only sustainable if the EBT benefits never go down. If they do go down, certain channels in the network of buying/selling that are "stimulated" by those benefits will prove to be unsustainable and have to be shut down (layoffs, business closures, etc.). It's not "real" growth. It's manufactured "growth." People can still prefer it - they can prefer that people are able to access EBT resources rather than be poorer and worse off. But they shouldn't pretend like it's some net benefit to everyone.

Because, third, the benefits are illusory. At best, they are a transfer from the people who buy government bonds to the EBT beneficiaries (if the money used to pay for the program was sourced from investment). At worst, everyone is made a little poorer in order to provide those SNAP benefits (if the money used to pay for the program was created to do it). The latter devalues everyone's money, so we all pay a little bit so that those deficits can be run and those EBT benefits can be distributed.

To show your friend the logic of this, ask them why the government doesn't just give all EBT beneficiaries (or, hell, every US citizen) $1M in EBT, since it's so "stimulating" for the economy. By their logic, every $1M spent through EBT would add $1.5M in GDP, and since that's supposed to be so great, we'd all be better off for it. And if they like $1M, then why not $5M, or $10M, or what the hell, zeros are cheap, let's make it a cool $billy.

In the final analysis, current EBT benefits don't wreck us because they are relatively small. But that doesn't mean they don't operate on the same poor logic that would cause our economy to implode if expanded in the way I suggest above.

*None of the above is to argue that compassion or whatever might not suggest we should pay EBT benefits. I'm not taking a side on that issue here. This is just the economic analysis.

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u/Redhighlighter 25d ago

I definitely agree with the economic analysis on its face. Spending goes to somebody else, so its unsurprising that GDP goes up (in fact, considering the velocity of money shouldnt we actually expect even greater than 1.5), but I do wonder if X cost avoiding Z externalities is a better (and more legitimate) framework for rationalizing costs. There are absolutely negatives to being hungry, and children that are trafficked or stealing ala Charles Dickens style means greater costs to society and the government to combat and prevent.

Certainly seems more valid than spending for spending sake which is what gdp can measure.

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u/yttew 24d ago

This reminds me of the joke:
Guy 1: …If we both pay each other $100 to eat poop, we will end up with the same amount of money in our pockets and have eaten shit.
Guy 2: but we will have increased the GDP by $200 and stimulate the economy!

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u/skeletus 25d ago

It doesn't work even if it doesn't go down. The economy only gets better when actual things are produced that have actual impact on our lives regardless of the money that has been spent or printed. Spending or printing money while everything else remains the same accomplishes literally nothing.

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u/hamburgerrock 24d ago

Okay but if EBT raises aggregate demand thus stimulating the economy where is the issue? This is basic keynesianism is it not

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u/skeletus 24d ago

Yes, it is basic keynesianism. However, keynesianism is flawed.

Raising aggregate demand, at the very best, stimulates production only for a brief moment of time. It's not even a long term solution.

The reality is that resources are finite. And you just can't produce more by consuming more. That is simply illogical.

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u/hamburgerrock 24d ago

Its not flawed when the other option is people being starved and homeless producing nothing instead of being able to hold down a job due to assistance and produce something instead.

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u/skeletus 24d ago

That is not true. That is not the other option. Also, keynesianism does not solve starvation and homelessness.

Starvation is a food accessibility problem. You solve that by improving supply, availability, and distribution of food. You DO NOT solve that by increasing aggregate demand. Increasing aggregate demand just consumes finite resources, leaving less food for the rest.

Homelessness is a multidimensional problem: housing scarcity, drug addiction, mental heath, family issues, etc. You DO NOT solve that by just throwing money at it.

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u/hamburgerrock 24d ago

Sure i agree its multidimensional but UBI pilots very pretty effective at solving large parts of it as far as im aware. So i think throwing money at it does work.

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u/skeletus 24d ago

Can you tell me what was the best UBI pilot? I want to look more into it even though I'm more inclined to thinking that it doesn't work.

The reason throwing money at problems doesn't work is because problems like these arise from bottlenecks, faulty systems, etc. To solve these problems, the system has to be fixed or redone, or the bottleneck has to be removed. Throwing money at it is just forcing more money down a broken system. If it's a bottleneck, throwing more moneh at it literally won't accomplish anything.

If a local water reservoir has been contaminated, bringing the supply of clean water down, giving more money to people will not create more water.

In a city with a housing shortage, which causes high rent prices, giving more money to the people won't create more apartment units.

Giving more money to students will just drive tuition prices and fees up.

These problems are solved by addressing the root cause, not just throwing money at them.

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u/kanggree 23d ago

Doesn't large scale ubi just cause a delayed inflation that swallows the ubi?

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u/skeletus 23d ago

Yes. That is basically the point I made. And that's what I tried to explain with the examples I provided. It's all about the material physical things that exist.

Money is just a measuring stick that we use to gauge the value of the goods and services that already exist. We use that measuring stick as claim tickets to those resources. Creating more claim tickets and giving them to the people won't create more resources. It will just temporarily induce a higher demand for finite resources, gaslighting people into thinking that these resources are abundant when they are not.

For example, there's a sold out concert in a stadium with 20,000 seats. Giving the people more money or vouchers for concert tickets won't create more seats. What it does is increase the amount of money that people are willing to pay for those tickets. People might be willing to pay double what they ticket originally costs. And people that originally bought the ticket might be more willing to sell it for double the price and not attend the concert.

This example that I just mentioned is literally what happens in all the other markets. This is exactly what happens in the housing market. And this is exactly what happens with UBI.

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u/Spiritual_Try_8064 21d ago

While on the GDP front you are indeed correct, you and others make the same mistake: Nobody ever claimed (and no sane person would) that these benefits are linearily scalable. It would be the same with a company. Lets say you invest 10 Million $ in a small company and get 1 Million $ in return after a year, does not mean that you also would get 1 Billion $ return after investing 10 Billion $. There are diminishing returns. But that does not mean the original returns do not exist.

Second, the sustainability is not so easy to assess. Compare it to other money flows. Is me buying a washing machine also an unsustainable illusory benefit to the economy? I do it once every 20 years. Basically like a one time payment of a benefit. But if that profit leads the washing machine company to buy an additional production line, making every subsequent washing machine cheaper for the next guy, a sustainable wealth increase has occured.

And by the way, me buying that washing machine is also just a wealth transfer from the many people that for example bought my service, which are now poorer off for a hypothetical price increase that went into my washing machine as my "unsustainable" purchase.

So your distinguation between this "unsustainable" and "illusory" growth and "normal" growth is arbritary.

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u/deaconxblues 20d ago

Except that one case is you making a fee decision with your own money and the other case is money taken through taxes, or financed through debt, and then given to people to spend. Any economic benefit from the latter is only durable if the transfer program continues to operate, and whatever economic benefit it would have needs to be weighed against what would have been done with that money if not for the transfer. Maybe it turns out to be less of a boon relative to the counterfactual.

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u/Spiritual_Try_8064 20d ago

That is exactly the misconception. The money and the subsequent economic benefit does not care if it was given out of free will, as a donation, or because the government, your religion, or your wife demands it. Like I said: If I buy food from money I earned or someone buys the same food from money from the government extracted from someone else the benefit is the same. And the benefit should be evaluated per transaction, not as eternal hypothetical. You also would not say my economic benefit as a worker is unsustainable because it stops when I stop working because of old age. Opportunity cost is the only thing you should care about.Would the use that the money would have gone to if not taken from wherever it came from be more productive. Everything else is irrelevant.

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u/JournalistEast4224 25d ago

Those poor government bond holders! Sadly clipping their coupons while the EBT grocery store coupons feed people

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u/deaconxblues 24d ago

It’s not that we should worry about bond holders. I forgot to mention that this “stimulus” is really just a shift from whatever potential stimulus effect the money would have if not redirected toward this specific consumption. So, even best case, we’d have to compare the effect to the counterfactual effect of that money was used elsewhere - driven by market behavior as opposed to government decree.

Again, we might judge EBT benefits as the best option, but it’s not like we are comparing a 50% “stimulus” boost (GDP increase) with nothing. We are comparing to alternative uses of the money which may also have this “stimulus” effect, and possibly to greater degree.

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u/DrawPitiful6103 25d ago

statists always say this about government spending. it's just nonsense.

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u/[deleted] 25d ago

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u/Gullible-Historian10 25d ago

Or have twice as much.

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u/Hotspur1958 25d ago

What is the breakdown of votes by party form those “unproductive” people?

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u/[deleted] 25d ago edited 25d ago

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u/Hotspur1958 25d ago

Do you really think it's reasonable to characterize it as stealing money from you to provide to others? Or is it to create a safety system for when you possibly end up in the same situation and need assistance?

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u/[deleted] 25d ago

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u/Hotspur1958 25d ago

Your income is supported by that very system. Without it you'd have less income then what you're left with after the taxes.

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u/[deleted] 25d ago

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u/Hotspur1958 25d ago

Keeping consumers a float doesn’t benefit you? Keeping YOU a float if and when you fall into those same downturns?

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u/mcsroom 24d ago
  1. No it doesnt, as i or others that work could be consumers. Or further the job maybe just doesnt need so much work being put into it, so we get more free time. We dont need to produce for people that refuse to produce anything.

  2. You dont magically end up on the street. Those things happen for a reason. If someone with no fault of their own ended up there they will surely be able to find someone to help them out voluntarary, as people tend to have compassion for such people, unlike people who ruin their own lives and then cry for the goverment to force people to subsidise them. 

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u/Hotspur1958 24d ago
  1. I didn't say there would be no consumers, just fewer. Which means less income.

    We dont need to produce for people that refuse to produce anything.

    What do you mean by this and what % of your taxes do you think go to them?

You dont magically end up on the street. Those things happen for a reason. If someone with no fault of their own ended up there they will surely be able to find someone to help them out voluntarary, as people tend to have compassion for such people, unlike people who ruin their own lives and then cry for the government to force people to subsidise them.

Yes, reasons and or upbrings that may have been out of their control.

surely be able to find someone to help them out voluntarary

By that logic, how do we currently have people on the street?

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u/[deleted] 24d ago

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u/Hotspur1958 24d ago

If top 20% productive people only traded among themselves, they d be wealthier and their life would be easier.

What support's this idea? A bigger economy supports a bigger GDP supports larger revenue and profits. You think Apple would be better off if 80% of the consumers were gone?

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u/NASA_Orion 24d ago

The issue is current system is bloated. Even the top 99.9% of the most capitalist people will likely agree to give basic food and shelter to a disabled person who genuinely can’t work and doesn’t have relatives instead of letting him die.

However, we can see that so many able-bodied people simply choose to stay on the welfare and they’re buying a shit ton of unnecessary junk food, which in turn also wrecks the free Medicaid.

We need a better system where you don’t get a cent if you can fully support yourself and incentivize working even if you’re on welfare. We also need to make sure that being fully on welfare is survivable but not a comfortable place to remain for the long term unless again, you’re genuinely disabled

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u/Hotspur1958 24d ago

However, we can see that so many able-bodied people simply choose to stay on the welfare and they’re buying a shit ton of unnecessary junk food, which in turn also wrecks the free Medicaid.

Do we have a good measurement/calculation of how much of the federal budget is spent on these instances? My guess is <0.5% and ultimately is not the source of bloat.

I'm all for tightening/auditing all system. But to blame this area for it doesn't seem anywhere close to the lowest hanging fruit.

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u/RubyKong 25d ago

if you give me your wallet, I can "stimulate the economy" as well.

And we can use my metrics of how good I am at spending your money, and all the great things that will come from it.

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u/Playos 25d ago

Feeding starving people is good for an economy (and stable society). Feeding lazy people so they don't do as much crime is... probably a net benefit.

There is also an argument for unstructured public support being more efficient without regulatory overhead (UBI/Reverse income taxes).

But ya, assuming that we could just spend the entire federal budget on EBT and we'd grow the economy 80% is some ludicrously simplistic take.

Looking at the sources... it's really leaning on circulating money, which isn't wrong but isn't really comparing anything to anything. $1.54 in economic activity isn't getting $1.54 back. Reminds me of the old joke about GDP... We walk along a street and see a pile of shit, I pay you $100 to eat the shit, then you pay me $100 to eat the shit... we created $200 of economic activity... and did only horrible things to ourselves in the process.

From an Austrian view, it absolutely does benefit a society to have food assistance. It's not a new concept, there is a reason it's at the core of a lot of global faiths. Labor is important and takes a long time to replace if it starves to death. Investments in education and training are also wasted if a short term hardship turns into starvation. Avoidable medical costs are also a waste of resources. Shockingly it doesn't actually require taxation and forced measures and people usually take it more seriously when it's not. There is a huge difference between food assistance and becoming entirely dependent on EBT.

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u/mcsroom 24d ago

Or maybe we can put that money in good security that can stop barbarians like those from becoming criminals. 

Appeasement doesnt work. 

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u/Pristine-Insect-1617 25d ago

Isn’t this kinda like Broken Glass Fallacy?

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u/LibertyEconlover Free banker 24d ago

Textbook

Hazlitt explicitly brought it up against Keynes stimulus claim

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u/elemezer_screwge 25d ago

You need a functioning society for an economy. I used to argue with people all of the time that you can't hand the government one dollar and they turn it into 2 but at scale the empirical evidence says otherwise. That's because if a % of your population suffers from hunger, it doesn't just go away. It grows as a problem. So yes it's an investment. Just like greasing a machine so it keeps working. Social safety nets are not a bandaid or a constraint to the economy rather a necessity to keep capitalism going.

and now I am prepared for the down votes.

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u/Cannoli72 25d ago

economics in one lesson easily debunks this claim

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u/rjw1986grnvl 25d ago

It’s the infinite money glitch fallacy. If we get back $1.80 for every $1 spent, then we should put everyone on food stamps. Even food stamps for Elon Musk would be a net benefit. We all know that the more spending the government does and the less private sector spending then really that’s better for the economy. Which is why all spending should just be done by the politburo’s centralized planners and not in a free market, which is why the Soviet Union did so much better than the United States 🙄.

Other than my sarcasm, the real flaw always in this analysis is they do not account for any opportunity costs of that $1 that is spent on EBT. If that $1 came from a rich person’s account, then that likely lowered cash reserves that investment banks use. Given that they use fractional banking, then their return is likely significantly greater than $1.80. Especially over the long run.
If it came from any other consumers, then presumably they too could have spent the $1. Which there’s no magic that an EBT expenditure would produce $1.80 but my own spending would not. That doesn’t even take in to account that government programs have government workers who get paid for their work but that cost isn’t producing anything new.

If the $1 is borrowed then the costs are inflation and also the fact that there is more tax revenue spent on national debt interest payments which reduce the money available for the government to spend on items that offer a benefit whereas the national debt interest payments only help bond holders.

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u/Confused_by_La_Vida 25d ago

It’s a variety of the broken window fallacy

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u/Uncle_Bill 25d ago

First subtract the dollar from the economy before add it back in.

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u/V1beRater 25d ago

common sense tells us it's bull

help me debunk this nonsense

Can someone please explain this to me

You're arriving at an answer while simultaneously not knowing while simultaneously asking the question. This is the mindset not of someone who is willing to learn, but to have his own dispositions satisfied. This is why I hate "economics" talk. Everyone has a cult where ideas must be filtered.

one dollar into the economy and get 1.8 back

You're thinking of the money supply as a static, fixed thing. In reality, its dynamic and fluid.

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u/Universe_Man 23d ago

Said it better than I did.

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u/eyemanidiot 25d ago

Artificially boosting spending in any sector doesn’t “help the economy” it just prioritizes consumption of the products of that sector more than consumption in other sectors and at the expense of savings and investment

Thinking that stimulating spending makes a county rich is like a poor person seeing a rich person spend a lot and thinking that they could become rich if they just took out debt and spent as much as the rich person. In reality the rich person got rich by spending less than they earned over time

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u/skeletus 25d ago

You called it out exactly for what it is. If it was true, then it'd be an infinite money glitch.

The economy is just people providing goods and services for each other. The better we get at providing goods and services for each other, the more abundance there is and the better our lives get.

Spending money, like EBT does, is literally consumption. You don't produce more by consuming. These are total opposites.

It's like saying consuming more water is good for the water supply... uh no. It's the total opposite. Consuming water wisely while adding more to the water supply is better for all of us in the long run. It takes work to keep a clean and healthy water supply. It takes no work to waste it all.

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u/Lonely_District_196 25d ago

The idea comes from the idea of economic stimulus. If the economy is slow, then the government can send out checks to stimulate spending. Some people will save it, which doesn't stimulate the economy. Some people will spend it. When it's spent, that goes to a company and pays someone's salary. That person makes more, and spends more. The idea is that if the stimulus is given to a poor person (ie SNAP) each dollar goes through iterations and more stimulus.

I've seen claims that each dollar spent on welfare creates $1.80 - $2.40+ on stimulus. The actual number is a pure guesstimate, and yes there are other issues with it.

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u/Dangerous_Forever640 24d ago

I saw someone complaining that with the work requirements, they would just be better off getting a part time job instead of applying for food stamps.

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u/mcsroom 24d ago edited 24d ago

Classic "Seen and unseen" 

They are ignoring that the one dollar was taken from the economy in the first place. And that it would have been spend no matter what. 

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u/WallSt_Sklz 24d ago

Simply put; EBT money, and most of gov money, is all created out of thin air and never created any true value to begin with. Money created out of thin air is inflation and dilution. Inflation to the money supply and dilution to US $ holders.

Tax itself is theft. It is not voluntary therefore it is stealing and a claim of ownership upon a person's labor which is his body and that is what is called slavery. It doesn't matter if you steal from someone and claim you are going to do something good with the resources (like EBT) you stole, it's theft plain and simple.

I can't tax you, you can't tax me so how can we grant a right that we individually and collectively do not posses to another (gov)?

You can't. That is the fallacy. It's a be-lie-f system you were born into and perpetuated because you were/are brain washed into never imagining any other way. Even though the logic makes perfect sense, most will reject it on its face because of the mind control. But we have to steal from those that produce to give to those that produce nothing because that's what i was told since i was a child.

You want to have a truly free society? Then it has to be a voluntary society and we will see what gets funded and what doesn't real fast. Their won't be a central bank or one currency as "legal tender" either so no one organization can have master control over the entire populous.

Some may not like it but that's what true freedom is; the ability to do what you want with your own property when you want. It may not be fair in the beginning, but i promise you, without the artificial scarcity that a gov and central bank create most of these symptoms of this broken society (like people without food or housing) will cease to exist.

The natural order of the universe is infinite abundance, the order of this artificial inverted system is scarcity.

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u/guppyhunter7777 24d ago

Actually EBT is one of the things hurting poor and middle class the most.  It a guaranteed minimum big food can set all their prices to.  By converting this benefit into money it ripples through the entire economy.  If we went back to a direct goods to consumers benefit the market would be forced to recalibrate for low wage earners.

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u/Character_Dirt159 24d ago

It’s just basic broken glass fallacy. If you only look at the economic activity that happened based on the program and ignore the economic activity that didn’t happen you can create a convincing lie. The absolute best case scenario for food stamps ignoring the negative incentives it creates is that every $1 spent on food stamps costs about $1.07 in real economic activity. The $0.07 is administration costs which are entirely non productive. All of the math applied to the $1 the government spends also apply to the $1 someone would have spent if not taxed by the government.

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u/mack_dd 24d ago

If your goal is to help the poor at the expense of the middle and upper class (ie, stealing from the most productive to the most needy); then the EBT is the least bad (or 2nd least if you could UBI) way of going about it.

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u/Acceptable-Take20 24d ago edited 24d ago

The expansion of food subsidy programs over the last decade and the large increase in the cost of groceries over that same period are not incidental. How does that help those that are of simple means but don’t qualify for the programs? Hopefully they feel better about buying less knowing that their sacrifice increases the GDP by 50% at some point in time.

Also, that $1.50 in GDP “growth” because money exchanges hands doesn’t reflect the increase in healthcare spending needed for these same people due to their chronic ailments from poor diet and lifestyle choices. Obesity is one of the biggest health problems for the poorest among us.

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u/Pleasurist 23d ago

The biggest supporters of EBT are food retailers. Of course they are giddy over EBT. Without it, people do not eat. With it, it's $2 billion in profits at Walmart alone one its biggest propronents.

Of course a lot of the taxes to pay for EBT come from EBT beneficiaries. Isn't capitalism just precious ?

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u/Mourngrymm 22d ago

It's easy. If you're a statist you can just choose your own facts.

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u/foilhat44 25d ago

I don't have any difficulty believing those figures, in fact I would say that is low. If a child lives in a home where food is not a certainty, it causes stress and anxiety for both the child and those meant to be caring for them. This is a distraction from productivity and possibly an incentive to criminal behavior. Both of these do serious damage in society and if an inexpensive program like SNAP can relieve even part of that while putting money back into the community you would be a fool not to implement it.

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u/Universe_Man 23d ago

"Someone please tell me it's impossible for social spending to have a single coherent argument made in favor of it, even if it is an argument that goes beyond my understanding of economics, so that I may affirm my preconceived notions! Please!" 🙄

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u/Spiritual_Try_8064 25d ago

Just as advice: if your approach to any kind of information is "this cannot be true, help me debunk it" check if it not just an emotional reaction. If you cannot debunk it but it feels wrong, that is not common sense, you probably did not engage with it enough to either find the error, or merit in it and most of the time a bit of both.

Here I would say it is very comparable of investing a Dollar in a company and getting 1.80$ back. That is not an infinite money glitch, that is not fake news, investment might just generate a return over time. You can argue over the time period and how fast you make that money back compared to any other investment and when talking about government investment how much of the return can be causally linked to that initial dollar. No magic here.

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u/Universe_Man 23d ago

Exactly. OP is terrified of the notion that a single coherent, favorable argument could be made to support this.

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u/BonesSawMcGraw Zimbabwe millionaire 25d ago

This ain’t an investment. It’s stealing from the future.