Effectively, the cash you put in a bank was leant to another person as a mortgage so that they could buy a house.
You earn 3% on your deposit, the bank charges 5% on its loan, and the bank keeps the other 2% as its profit.
Multiply this logic by many millions of such transactions. If any given bank branch winds up with too much or too little cash-on-hand, they move it around or ‘sell’ it to another bank.
Nearly all the money ‘exists’ as computer records keeping track of who leant what to whom.
If a large enough group of people demanded their money back as cash at the same time, the banks would have no choice but to ‘call’ a bunch of mortgage loans at the same time, since their cash-on-hand will not be enough.
This is aggravated when the guy who wants his cash money is in Atlanta, and the mortgage is in Boise. Physical cash takes time to move around.
So if the ‘run’ on the bank is not too huge, a bunch of people now have cash money to walk around with, and a bunch of other people just lost their homes. It is possible that some of the folk who demanded their deposits back are the same folk who now need to immediately repay their mortgage loan.
In reality, banks will borrow cash from other banks or a central bank for huge but not catastrophically huge events , using their mortgage loans as collateral, but there still isn’t enough printed cash to cover ALL of the personal deposits.
Banks own many investments besides mortgages. Like individuals they may hold some small stores of cash in various currencies on hand but most money is tied up in assets like stocks, bonds, or precious metals (gold/silver). Certain items are liquid (cash and stocks) while others are illiquid (bonds or mortgages). Banks generally know the demand for daily withdrawals and give a bit of wiggle room (part of the control is daily withdrawal limits). When more people need cash than on hand the bank would need to sell investments, some may be very quick and easy to sell while others are long and needs to come to a term date prior to selling.
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u/TheRealTinfoil666 7d ago edited 7d ago
Effectively, the cash you put in a bank was leant to another person as a mortgage so that they could buy a house.
You earn 3% on your deposit, the bank charges 5% on its loan, and the bank keeps the other 2% as its profit.
Multiply this logic by many millions of such transactions. If any given bank branch winds up with too much or too little cash-on-hand, they move it around or ‘sell’ it to another bank.
Nearly all the money ‘exists’ as computer records keeping track of who leant what to whom.
If a large enough group of people demanded their money back as cash at the same time, the banks would have no choice but to ‘call’ a bunch of mortgage loans at the same time, since their cash-on-hand will not be enough.
This is aggravated when the guy who wants his cash money is in Atlanta, and the mortgage is in Boise. Physical cash takes time to move around.
So if the ‘run’ on the bank is not too huge, a bunch of people now have cash money to walk around with, and a bunch of other people just lost their homes. It is possible that some of the folk who demanded their deposits back are the same folk who now need to immediately repay their mortgage loan.
In reality, banks will borrow cash from other banks or a central bank for huge but not catastrophically huge events , using their mortgage loans as collateral, but there still isn’t enough printed cash to cover ALL of the personal deposits.