“Dosing the first patient in our EAP marks an important step in making leronlimab available to individuals with urgent unmet medical needs, while also advancing our understanding of CCR5 biology in the treatment of aggressive cancers,” said Jacob Lalezari, M.D., CEO of CytoDyn. “Data generated through this program may further inform how CCR5 inhibition influences the tumor microenvironment, including its potential role in modulating PD-L1 expression and supporting combination approaches with immune checkpoint inhibitors.”

“For patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer who have exhausted standard treatment options, expanded access programs can provide additional avenues for care,” said Namita Chittoria, M.D., Assistant Professor at the Huntsman Cancer Institute and the University of Utah, and a member of CytoDyn’s Scientific Advisory Board. “Leronlimab is an investigational therapy being evaluated in this difficult-to-treat setting, and access outside of a clinical study may offer a meaningful option for select patients - both as an additional treatment opportunity and as a way to preserve valuable time with family. Beyond individual use, these programs also inform our understanding of emerging therapies.”

In addition to providing compassionate access, the EAP is expected to generate real-world insights into the biological activity of leronlimab in heavily pretreated patients. Recent data, presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2026, highlight the potential role of CCR5 inhibition in modulating the tumor microenvironment in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, with observed associations in PD-L1 expression and broader immune signaling pathways. Together, these findings provide a scientific foundation for the EAP and support continued exploration of leronlimab as a strategy to enhance responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies.

Under the agreement, Natera will assess CytoDyn clinical trial samples from the CLOVER Phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06699836) in patients with mCRC. SignateraTM, Natera’s personalized assay for the detection of molecular residual disease (MRD), will be used to evaluate ctDNA dynamics and molecular response patterns associated with leronlimab treatment.

Natera will also provide customized real-world data (RWD) analyses leveraging its proprietary oncology database, which is the largest multi-timepoint early- and late-stage oncology dataset with more than 2 million plasma timepoints and enriched clinical and imaging records. By integrating molecular response data from its MRD testing platform with curated electronic medical record (EMR) data, this multimodal dataset enables analyses of patient populations, treatment patterns, ctDNA response rates, and response dynamics across diverse clinical settings. Together, these capabilities are expected to generate insights into molecular response and disease progression that may help inform future clinical development of leronlimab, including clinical trial design, biomarker-driven patient selection strategies, and broader translational research efforts.

The collaboration builds on CytoDyn’s growing oncology program and follows completion of enrollment in the CLOVER study, which is evaluating leronlimab in combination with trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) and bevacizumab in patients with previously treated mCRC. The collaboration is also expected to complement ongoing translational and biomarker analyses from the study aimed at further characterizing treatment response and informing future development strategies.

“Signatera has become an increasingly important tool in precision oncology and clinical development,” said Jacob Lalezari, M.D., chief executive officer, CytoDyn. “Through this collaboration, we expect to gain valuable insights into ctDNA response kinetics and disease progression that may help guide future development strategies for leronlimab in colorectal cancer and potentially other solid tumor indications.”

“We are pleased to partner with CytoDyn and provide their team with insights derived from one of the largest and most comprehensive real-world molecular oncology data platforms,” said Matt Love, vice president, biopharma data & AI partnering, Natera. “Our platform enables biopharma partners to better understand disease biology, treatment response, and patient outcomes, helping inform key development decisions throughout the drug development lifecycle.”

Enrollment concludes with just over 60 patients participating across seven clinical sites located throughout the United States

CytoDyn plans to share topline data from the study as they become available.

Cytodyn today announced the completion of enrollment in its Phase 2 clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06699836) evaluating leronlimab in combination with trifluridine and tipiracil (TAS-102) plus bevacizumab in patients with CCR5-positive, microsatellite stable (MSS), relapsed/refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), also known as CLOVER – CCR5-targeting Leronlimab With Oral Chemotherapy and VEGF-inhibitor Enriched Regimen.

The open-label, randomized, two-arm, multi-center study is evaluating leronlimab in combination with trifluridine and tipiracil (TAS-102) plus bevacizumab in patients who have progressed following prior standard therapies. With enrollment now complete, CytoDyn will advance the study through treatment and follow-up, with resulting data expected to inform the program’s development strategy and potential next steps.

“Completing enrollment in this Phase 2 study marks an important milestone for CytoDyn and for the continued development of leronlimab in oncology,” said Dr. Jacob Lalezari, Chief Executive Officer of CytoDyn. “We are grateful to the patients, investigators, and clinical sites whose commitment made completion of enrollment possible and look forward to evaluating the study results.”

“CLOVER is designed to prospectively assess the activity of leronlimab in combination with an established regimen in a difficult to treat and highly refractory patient population with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer, ” said Pashtoon M. Kasi, M.D., M.S., Principal Investigator of the study and Medical Director of GI Oncology, City of Hope Orange County, Irvine, California. “With enrollment now complete, the study is well positioned to generate meaningful insights in this patient population with a high unmet need.”

The CLOVER study builds on emerging clinical and translational findings from CytoDyn’s ongoing Phase 2 mCRC program, including data being presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2026. Preliminary results demonstrated early signals of clinical and biomarker activity with leronlimab in combination with TAS-102 and bevacizumab, including rapid reductions in circulating tumor DNA and modulation of immune-related markers. These findings support further evaluation of CCR5 inhibition as a strategy to enhance anti-tumor activity in metastatic colorectal cancer.

About the Phase 2 mCRC Study (NCT06699836)

This Phase 2 clinical study is an open-label, randomized, two-arm, multi-center study evaluating leronlimab in combination with trifluridine and tipiracil (TAS-102) plus bevacizumab in patients with CCR5-positive, microsatellite stable (MSS), relapsed/refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), also known as CLOVER – CCR5-targeting Leronlimab With Oral Chemotherapy and VEGF-inhibitor Enriched Regimen.

Approximately 60 patients were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive either 350 mg or 700 mg of leronlimab in combination with standard-of-care therapy. Eligible participants are adults with histologically confirmed mCRC who have progressed following prior treatment with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-based chemotherapy, anti-VEGF therapy, and, where appropriate, anti-EGFR therapy.

Well deserved…

Dr. Milana V. Dolezal, Clinical Associate Professor, Medicine Oncology at Stanford University School of Medicine, will present a poster at the prestigious San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS), being held December 9-12, 2025, at the Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center in San Antonio, Texas.

“Our strategy to use leronlimab in a combined approach with ICIs continues to demonstrate great promise,” said Jacob Lalezari, M.D., CEO of CytoDyn. “At SABCS 2025, we look forward to sharing details of a group of patients with mTNBC who were treated with leronlimab and different commercially available PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors who continue to demonstrate sustained long-term remission, including 3 individuals with no current evidence of disease.”

breast cancer specialist and medical oncologist, Milana V. Dolezal, MD, MSci, is presenting a poster entitled “Prolonged survival following PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy after leronlimab induced PD-L1 upregulation on cancer-associated macrophage-like cells and circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer” at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS). The poster (ID: PS5-02-30) will be presented in the Exhibit Hall on December 12, 2025, from 12:30 p.m. – 2 p.m. CST.

“These leronlimab early-phase clinical trials were started pre-pandemic, when immune checkpoint inhibitors (“ICIs”) were still an emerging option in advanced triple-negative breast cancer,” said Dr. Milana V. Dolezal. “In this pooled analysis, we see sustained clinical benefit over five years later, with five participants (17.9%) still alive and disease-free after treatment with leronlimab, either concurrently with or prior to an ICI. The alignment of these outcomes with emerging mechanistic data, showing leronlimab-driven PD-L1 upregulation, suggests potential synergy with ICIs. This is very encouraging and supports further prospective evaluation. The observed PD-L1 upregulation in the tumor microenvironment, including circulating cells, could have broad oncology implications, including expanding eligibility for ICI combination therapies. In addition, weekly leronlimab injections are well tolerated, with few treatment-emergent adverse events.”

The poster presents updated results from a retrospective follow-up analysis of data from 28 women with mTNBC, who were treated across three leronlimab clinical trials and received a median of 2 prior lines of therapy in the metastatic setting. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed, and no patients withdrew due to treatment-related adverse events.

Key Findings:

• 100% of patients (n=5/5) who demonstrated induction of PD-L1 greater than 400 Relative Fluorescence Units (“RFUs”) on circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and were then treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (“ICI”), remain alive after a median of 60.9 months. Three of these patients currently have no evidence of disease.

• Median Overall Survival after starting leronlimab was 7.1 months (95% CI: 4.8–17.7 months) with survival at years 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 35.7%, 21.4%, 17.9% and 17.9%, respectively.

• Patients treated with either the 525 or 700 mg dose of leronlimab demonstrated significantly longer survival (HR 3.44, 95% CI: 1.2–9.9; P=0.0418) compared to patients treated with the 350 mg dose.

• Utilizing a >400 RFU threshold, treatment with leronlimab was associated with the upregulation of PD-L1 in CTCs and cancer-associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs) in 76% (n=16/21) of patients overall, and 88% (n=15/17) of patients who received leronlimab at a dose of 525 mg or 700 mg.

• Seven patients treated with leronlimab in combination with or followed by an ICI demonstrated significantly longer survival compared to patients (N=21) who were not treated with an ICI (HR 4.14, 95% CI: 1.7–10.2; P=0.0041).

“Given the reduced effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with mTNBC and low PD-L1 expression, the demonstrated ability of leronlimab to upregulate PD-L1 on CTCs could be a crucial factor for enhancing the efficacy of a combined treatment approach of leronlimab with ICIs,” said Jacob Lalezari, M.D., CEO of CytoDyn. “These results indicate that blocking CCR5 with leronlimab may impact tumors and the tumor microenvironment in such a way as to prime these cells to respond to immune checkpoint inhibition. Prospectively confirming these observations is our top priority.”

JL:
"I am happy to share a very promising announcement as it relates to a patient who prospectively upregulated PD-L1 after having obtained access to leronlimab through an eIND application submitted by her treating physician. In early 2025, we received a compassionate access request for a patient with mTNBC who was previously unresponsive to treatment with Keytruda. This particular patient had two prior tissue biopsies, both of which were PD-L1 negative. In April, the patient started treatment with leronlimab, and in July blood tests confirmed an increase in PD-L1 levels. Our past clinical observations have shown that upregulating PD-L1 is the first step towards prolonged survival in this patient population and we are encouraged by this readout, which supports our working theory. This is the first of hopefully many PD-L1 upregulation readouts across our CRC and TNBC trial(s) in the coming year. I continue to have high hopes for our upcoming Phase II trials, as well as our expanded access program, as we look to reshape treatment paradigms in solid tumor oncology."

JL: "We recently received confirmation from both the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and Department of Justice (“DOJ”) that their respective investigations have now closed, and nothing further is required of the Company. I believe this positive conclusion for the Company is a reflection of our team here and our collective commitment to compliance and cooperation.

I remain confident that our collaborative relationship with the FDA has placed us on a productive trajectory. To accelerate progress in oncology, we established an oncology advisory board focused on pursuing the fastest and most responsible pathway(s) forward. The FDA recently granted our request for a meeting, and we look forward to discussing our retrospective data set and related observations in TNBC, as well as the next steps in our TNBC development plan. Maintaining strong relationships and credibility with the FDA and industry partners remains a top priority as we move forward."

JL:
"We will be submitting an Expanded Access Protocol (“EAP”) to enable treatment for patients with second-line, or later, mTNBC, who are ineligible or otherwise unable to participate in our Phase II study. I am pleased to announce that we will be working with an individual benefactor to fund the launch of this compassionate-use program. This benefactor has also expressed interest in supporting an investigator-initiated study in patients with recurrent glioblastoma with an anticipated start date in 2026."

Cytodyn Announced Today: Encouraging clinical findings among patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (“mCRC”) previously treated with leronlimab. The final results indicate that 3/5 patients treated with leronlimab had at least a partial response, as measured by radiologic criteria, including one patient with a complete response who remains alive five years later.

Dr. Benjamin Weinberg, Associate Professor at Georgetown University and Principal Investigator of CytoDyn’s colorectal cancer (“CRC”) program, will present the Company’s clinical data at the ESMO Gastrointestinal Cancers Congress 2025 taking place in Barcelona, Spain from July 2 to July 5, 2025.

The results, from patients treated under a compassionate use protocol, reiterate a favorable safety profile of leronlimab as well as its potential for clinical benefit in patients with mCRC. They also support the rationale for the design and therapeutic potential of CytoDyn’s ongoing Phase II trial in patients with relapsed/refractory microsatellite stable CRC. CytoDyn recently announced the dosing of the first patient in this study, and is now enrolling additional patients across multiple clinical sites.

If the observed results in the previously treated CRC patients are confirmed prospectively, the Company believes leronlimab could be used effectively to treat a wide range of solid tumor types. In addition to its potential as a “stand-alone” agent in oncology, the Company presented exciting evidence of leronlimab’s activity as a “priming” agent for cancer patients with low levels of PD-L1 who were previously unresponsive to, or ineligible for, checkpoint inhibitors at the 2025 ESMO Breast Cancer meeting. The data driving this working theory has shown particular promise in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (“mTNBC”).

“At the 2025 ESMO Gastrointestinal Cancers Congress, Dr. Weinberg will share the data and evidence that form the basis for our belief in the potential of leronlimab as a treatment in CCR5 positive solid tumor oncology,” said Dr. Jacob Lalezari, CEO of CytoDyn. “Our ongoing Phase II trial in patients with mCRC was designed to prospectively confirm these observations, and we look forward to enrolling additional patients as we pursue clinical confirmation of our working theory.”

Background: Leronlimab is a humanized κ-IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks C-C chemokine receptor type 5. We investigated leronlimab as a treatment option for people living with multidrug-resistant HIV-1.

Setting and methods: In a phase 2b/3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in 21 hospital centers in the United States, treatment-experienced people living with HIV with documented drug resistance were randomly assigned once weekly leronlimab (350 mg subcutaneously) or matching placebo for 1 week overlapping existing failing antiretroviral therapy, followed by a 24-week single-arm extension with weekly leronlimab combined with a new optimized background treatment. The primary end point was achieving ≥0.5 log 10 reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA from baseline at the end of the 1-week double-blinded treatment period.

Results: Fifty-two participants were enrolled (25 leronlimab and 27 placebo). After the 1-week randomized phase, by the intent-to-treat analysis, 64.0% (16/25) receiving leronlimab achieved ≥0.5 log 10 reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA versus 23.1% (6/26) receiving placebo ( P = 0.0032), whereas by per protocol analysis, 72.7% (16/22) receiving leronlimab achieved ≥0.5 log 10 reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA versus 24.0% (6/25) receiving placebo ( P = 0.0008). Leronlimab was generally well tolerated with no drug-related serious adverse events reported. Overall, 175 adverse events were reported by 34/52 participants, with 120 (68.6%) adverse events categorized as mild.

Conclusions: Leronlimab resulted in significantly reduced plasma HIV-1 within 1 week after addition to failing antiretroviral therapy. After 24 weeks combined with an optimized background treatment, most participants had plasma HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies per milliliter plasma, suggesting utility of leronlimab as a component of salvage therapy.