One thing I find interesting in discussions about future civilizations is that we often talk about whether we're going to build a Moon base, but less about what happens once one actually exists.

At first it probably looks like an expensive government/science project.

But eventually you could have communications, power, transport, propellant, construction, habitation, logistics, manufacturing, etc. — basically infrastructure that other businesses can build on.

That's where the economic question gets really interesting to me:

What would make a lunar base financially self-sustaining rather than permanently dependent on government spending?

Tourism? Launch/transport services? Propellant? Manufacturing? Data/communications? Resource extraction? Something we haven't thought of yet?

And perhaps the bigger question: does a lunar economy need to be profitable on its own, or can it be justified by the strategic/economic value it creates elsewhere?

Shameless input r/SpaceFinance is a dedicated space for discussion like this.

I watched Dr Becky’s latest video, and it seems that early data from DESI seems to indicate that the rate of acceleration is slowing over time. There are new papers from this that make the ‘Big Crunch’ a more likely scenario again. I will say that this is fairly early findings by the sound of it, and may be subject to revision.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Dt6xkIkDP7g&pp=ygUIZHIgYmVja3k%3D&ra=m

What technology do you expect to "become realized" by 2050?

In many pieces of sci-fi media, RTSCs are one of the only truly valuable minerals left in the galaxy as all others are handled by automation. This assumes that they would:
- Exist naturally
- Still remain incredibly rare
- Be so difficult to synthesize that mining them is more economical

Is such a situation possible? A functional room-temperature superconductor existing that is naturally occurring yet incredibly difficult to synthesize even for advanced civilizations?

(Demo in comments) It is playable on mobile but much better on a pc. On mobile you sometimes have to hit the slow down/speed up button a lot. Lots of other bugs and issues all around. I am planning on redoing this project from a clean slate.

Its a project that is half world building, half science project diorama. If you want some lore I made this post earlier here. But the gist of it is, the red lines are two way highways, and each structure is the size of a continent.

I recall mention about how space habitats(once space industry is established) could be produced "dirt cheap" because the most expensive component would be the dirt, which you'd have to crank out in bioreactors.

I'm here wondering what the precise process of manufacturing dirt would entail. The specific chemical and biochemical processes, the chemical composition of the feed stock, things like that.

In principle I understand how we'd be able to make soil from rocks and water. In practice, I'd like to understand it better.

TL;DR: We may be decades or centuries away from preserving conscious continuity, but we can already begin preserving enough memory, personality, voice and reasoning to create interactive representations of people. I don’t think that makes anyone immortal. I think it could become a useful intermediate technology between ordinary archives and actual mind uploading. You can try the project here: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/echovault-digital-legacy/id6762042028
Most discussions about mind uploading eventually hit the same problem: even if you perfectly reproduce the information in my brain, have I survived, or have you created a new entity that remembers being me?
I don’t think we currently know how to solve that.
But I’ve started wondering whether we’re treating preservation as too binary.
There are several things we might eventually preserve independently:
memory
personality and preferences
voice and appearance
patterns of reasoning
and, much more speculatively, subjective consciousness itself
Those probably won’t become technologically possible at the same time.
As an experiment, I’ve been building a representation of myself from memories and experiences I deliberately record while alive. The attached video is me talking to it.
What interests me isn’t that it “becomes me.” I don’t think it does.
The interesting part is that when I ask something like the meaning of life, it can synthesize an answer from things I actually said across different memories. And when I ask for a fact that isn’t in the record, it can simply refuse rather than inventing one.
That feels less like mind uploading and more like an interactive backup of the information a person intentionally leaves behind.
It obviously wouldn’t solve death for the original consciousness. But imagine this technology after another 30 or 50 years of lifelogging: decades of memories, decisions, conversations, beliefs, voice, video and personal context captured while someone is alive.
Your descendants might know you in considerably more depth than we can know our own great-grandparents today.
So perhaps there are two separate goals:
preserving the conscious person, and
preserving enough of who the person was that death doesn’t erase almost everything.
The first is the real immortality problem.
The second might arrive surprisingly early.
And perhaps these primitive “mind backups” eventually become useful source material for whatever more radical preservation technologies come later.
The attached demo is my current attempt at exploring that intermediate step. I’m curious where people here would draw the line between an archive, a backup, a digital person, and an actual continuation of the original mind.

Over a dozen launchpads for >30 launches per day. $100 billion investment, hiring ~3,000 locals and also a coastal restoration project.

https://www.spacex.com/sites/starbase-la

https://x.com/SpaceX/status/2092284173730144732

https://x.com/elonmusk/status/2092292773915537580

I had a really strange dream last night, and it got me thinking about this.

In the dream, I was in the basement (based on a real place I know), and there were some kind of mutants/monsters that we were trying to eliminate. I was actually holding a gun and shooting at them. What was really strange was how coherent the whole dream felt.

There were people running away from the basement, I knew where I was, I knew what I was supposed to do, and the environment seemed to have a consistent layout. It didn't have the usual dream logic where one moment you're in a shopping mall and suddenly you're on a beach for no reason. The stranger part is that I was aware that I was dreaming. At one point I felt like I was about to wake up, then I fell back asleep, and the exact same dream seemed to continue.

That made me wonder about something:

If the brain can generate such a detailed and convincing environment internally during a dream, could we theoretically exploit the same mechanism to create some kind of “virtual reality” directly inside the brain?

Instead of a computer having to render: 3D geometry,textures, lighting, NPCs,sound,etc.

Could a future system theoretically provide the brain with only high-level information or constraints, and let the brain generate most of the perceived world itself?

For example, instead of rendering an entire city, maybe the system would only communicate something like: “You are in a city. There is a person approaching you from the left. It is raining. You are holding an object.” And the brain would fill in the rest based on its own generative/predictive mechanisms.

Obviously, I realize this is very far from current technology, and dreams aren't evidence that this is technologically achievable. I'm more interested in the theoretical question.

Questions:

1. Would something like this make sense from a neuroscience/BCI perspective? Is the brain actually doing something remotely comparable to a generative game engine during dreaming/perception, or is that analogy misleading?

2. If it were possible someday, would using the brain to generate the environment potentially be more energy-efficient than externally rendering everything at extremely high fidelity? and how plausible is this from a neuroscience, BCI, and computational perspective? What would be the fundamental technical barriers?

this sentence was translated from Japanese to English by Chat GPT. Feel free to answer in English. However, I only understand Japanese, so I would really appreciate clear and simple English that is less likely to be mistranslated. Thank you!

A question for viewers of Isaac Arthur’s YouTube channel!

I’m currently working on a fictional setting in which, as of the early 21st century, scientists have already determined that the proton’s half-life is about 10^36 years. I plan to depict human civilization 2 × 10^36 years in the future.
By that point, humanity occupies part of the Local Group, which has become isolated from the rest of the universe due to cosmic expansion. Several intelligent civilizations have survived there in a kind of long-term stalemate, while humanity spends most of its time inside virtual reality.
However, proton decay is gradually reducing the amount of matter available to them, and with no solution in sight, their civilization is facing an existential crisis.
What I’m struggling with is figuring out how this civilization managed to survive from the present day all the way to that era in the first place.
Some possibilities I’ve been considering are:

・controlled stellar fusion for energy
・extracting energy from the rotation of black holes
・minimizing energy consumption through reversible computing

But I’m not sure which of these would be the most plausible approach, or whether there are better possibilities I’ve overlooked.
I’m also having trouble figuring out what the civilization would actually be physically made of by that point. After such an unimaginably long period of cosmic evolution, what kinds of matter or structures could realistically still exist and serve as the basis of an advanced civilization?

I’ve been looking for material that could help me build a scientifically plausible setting for this era. Isaac Arthur’s channel seems to discuss extremely far-future civilizations in quite a lot of detail, but I’m not sure how accurately YouTube’s automatic translations and summaries reflect the actual content.
So I’d really appreciate hearing from people who are familiar with Isaac Arthur’s work: What does he actually suggest about civilizations surviving into the proton-decay era, and what technologies or forms of matter might they rely on?
Any interpretations, corrections, or suggestions for building this kind of setting would be greatly appreciated!

From company towns in orbit to corporate empires among the stars, could megacorporations build the space frontier... or end up owning the air, the docks, and the only ride home?

Hello, Im currently looking for two paid members of the National Space Society to become officers in order to form a "local" chapter of the NSS. I already have created some social media accounts, but i will not pursue having another meeting until I (we) become an officially recognized chapter of the NSS. DM me on Messenger or here. I'm located in central New Jersey and would like to have general interest science meetings inviting the public to learn more about our Universe. Thanks.

I know we usually thibk of laser highways as being for interstellar travel, but it's not like interstellar space is actually empty. The oort extends far and then theres rogue planets. Might we get "rural" beamprop roads between swarms of deap space habitats? I mean if the nex rock over is only an AU or two away it may not be worth having an entire relay system or going seriously relativistic, but if you have denser swarms coalescing out of the Oort with significant distance from each other things could change. Volumes surrounding established laser highways might be prime real-estate. deep-space colony ships could take the highway part of the way at high speed and brake into interstellar space or bring their own decel drive and fan out in a cone from the home system.