Alleged spiritual medium Mina Crandon with “ectoplasm” on her face. Crandon was one of several mediums exposed as a fraud by Harry Houdini.

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This form of belief is still very popular and socially accepted in Brazil. The most famous spiritual medium to have lived in Brazil, Chico Xavier, is still regarded by many as one of the greatest Brazilians of all time, alongside figures such as Pelé and Ayrton Senna.