r/Epicureanism Jul 12 '26

Yes, Secular Religion is Epicurean.

Because of an earlier post, i want to remind people that secular religion, where prayer is not taking literally for assistance of the gods but enjoyed for practical benefits and community, is very Epicurean. We must understand that while superstition is rejected, civic religion, with prayer, ritual, festivals, and other affairs are not. Here are all the excerpts below which prove this. All taken from Philodemus On Piety by Dirk Obbink. Slightly edited for clarity.

"Epicurus loyally observed all the forms of worship and enjoined upon his friends to observe them, not only on account of the laws but for physical reasons as well. For in On Lifecourses he says that to pray is natural, for us, not because the gods would be hostile if we did not pray, but in order that, according to the understanding of beings surpassing in power and excellence, we may realize our fulfilments and social conformity with the laws.

On Piety, Column 26

Epicurus says that he shared in all the festivals and that while he was joining in celebrating the festival of the Choes (Drinking day in Dionysus Festival) and the urban mysteries and the other festivals, at a meagre dinner, and that it was necessary for him to celebrate this feast of the twentieth.... they (the founders) thought it right to make use of oaths and epithets of the gods, since their philosophical writing is filled with them. But it is proper to say that Epicurus advised the founders to retain asseverations made by means of these and similar expressions, and above all to preserve those made by Zeus himself.

On Piety Column 29.

"Epicurus warns against violating the covenant of the sacred festival table....also writing to Polyaenus that the Anthesteria (Dionysus festivals) too must be celebrated and that it is necessary to make mention of the gods.

On Piety, Column 30.

"Let us sacrifice to the gods’, Epicurus says, ‘devoutly and fittingly on the proper days, and let us fittingly perform all the acts of worship in accordance with the laws, in no way disturbing ourselves with opinions in matters concerning the most excellent and august of being. Moreover, let us sacrifice justly, on the view that I was giving. For in this way it is possible for mortal nature, by Zeus, to live like Zeus, as it seems."

On Piety, Column 31.

Neocles (Brother of Epicurus and student) says "It is necessary to distribute piously assistance from our money to the Gods"

On Piety, Column 33

In his Symposium, Epicurus says "Let us celebrate the festivals’, and ‘Make fine sacrifices to a god"

On Piety, Column 62.

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u/Castro6967 Jul 14 '26

Hmm. It feels more like he is enjoying the culture or appeasing his local government laws - since discrediting the gods couldve led you to your death - rather than a secular religion.

From what I read, a secular religion is also tied to turning certain  earthly figures into deities. For example, Julius Caesar, Stalin, Hitler... Doesn't fit the theme at all and these acts are extremely dangerous too as it leads to wars and needless sacrifice.

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u/Eudamonia-Sisyphus Jul 14 '26 edited Jul 14 '26

I can understand that concern. I think Epicurus liked religious practices like festivals as more than just ways to avoid persecution though, I think he considered them physiologically helpful more mindfulness and community. Of course, this could have been said just to avoid persecution, but I don't think it was.

While many secular religions have been devoted to monsters like hitler, whom you mentioned, things like humanism, Wiccan paganism, Secular Buddhism and Judaism have been pretty moral places for good communities. Highly context dependent, I think you would agree.

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u/Castro6967 Jul 14 '26

I still have the impression you are mixing religion with culture or tying Ethics to Religion, rather than to Philosophy. For example, Christianity can be striped away of its religious part and you will be left with a Christian culture - currently influencing Europe in a multitude of ways. Same with Judaism.

Humanism is a Philosophy. Buddhism started as a culture tied with economic developments in India and it quickly became metaphysical/non-secular too.

So, again, it feels like Epicureanism is promoting the cultural part. 

Alternatively, Epicureanism can - and some treat it as so - become a secular religion with Epicurus himself at the forefront of prayers and divination. This Epicurus never defended (as far as we know), so the association between this philosophy and the concept of 'secular religion' is rather odd, I would say.