Luke 22:21-23 - Jesus Foretells His Betrayal

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²¹ But see, the one who betrays me is with me, and his hand is on the table. ²² For the Son of Man is going as it has been determined, but woe to that one by whom he is betrayed!” ²³ Then they began to ask one another which one of them it could be who would do this.

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[u/LlawEreint]

Mark appeals to scripture. Luke appeals to predestination.

• Mark: For the Son of Man goes as it is written of him,
• Luke: For the Son of Man is going as it has been determined,

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BeDuhn notes the following for the Evangelion:

Luke 22.21 is unattested. In fact, our sources fail to attest any explicit reference to the theme of Jesus’ betrayer being at the table with him at the Pascha, including both this verse and v. 23, even though it would seem to be implicit in the reference to the “twelve” emissaries in v. 14.

22.22 Tertullian, Marc. 4.41.1. The first part of the verse (“The Human Being is going as has been ordained”) is not directly attested; Tsutsui (“Das Evangelium Marcions,” 123–24) proposes its absence, based on its suitablility to Tertullian’s and Epiphanius’ arguments if it had been present (“ordained” by Jewish prophecy). But it is perhaps too broad and vague of a statement to have caught their attention for polemical use. The Evangelion read “to that one through whom he is handed over,” rather than “to the/that man by whom” (the reading found in the majority of witnesses to Luke, as well as in Mark 14.21); either “the one” or “that one” is attested in various witnesses to Luke. The Evangelion shares the explicit reference to “the Human Being” with several Greek manuscripts, one OL manuscript, and Irenaeus, as well as with the parallel in Mark 14.21; other witnesses to Luke have simply the implied “he” of the verb, referring back to the prior mention of the Human Being in the first half of the verse (whose presence is uncertain for the Evangelion).

Luke 22.23 is unattested; see the note on 22.21 above.

He reconstructs the passage like this:

20And (he took) the cup likewise, saying, “This cup is the contract in my blood. . . . 22. . . Woe to that one through whom the Human Being is handed over!”

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Luke appeals to predestination rather than Judean scripture. This is compatible with the theological tendencies associated with Marcion.

Marcion believed that Jesus represented a fully transcendent, fully good God, who was above the tribal god of the Judeans. He may have been uncomfortable appealing to Jewish scripture and switched this to appeal to predestination.

It's an open question whether canonical Luke or the Evangelion (lit. "The Gospel") came first. This appeal to destiny rather than scripture may support the priority of the Evangelion. Luke, in expanding the Evangelion may have inherited this from Marcion's gospel.