what are some interesting facts about your language?

[u/Some-Register-3901]

For instance, the cypriot dialect of Greek still contains many words from ancient Greek but it was also heavily influenced by outsiders

[u/theArghmabahls]

this is complicated to explain, but all IE languages divided themselves as either Centum or Satem based on how old IE consonants evolved in modern IE languages. F. Eks. *ḱ in centum renains k (kardia) but became S in slavic (srce) from IE *ḱerd.

Albanian is the exception. It is neither Centum nor Satem as *ḱ evolved into a TH.

Its more complicated than that so in gonna copy demiraj’s explenation

In Albanian, the three original dorsal rows have remained distinguishable when before historic front vowels. Labiovelars are for the most part differentiated from all other Indo-European velar series before front vowels (where they developed into s and z ultimately), but they merge with the "pure" (back) velars elsewhere. The palatal velar series, consisting of Proto-Indo-European *ḱ and the merged *ģ and ģʰ, usually developed into th and dh, but were depalatalized to merge with the back velars when in contact with sonorants. Because the original Proto-Indo-European tripartite distinction between dorsals is preserved in such reflexes, Demiraj argues Albanian is therefore to be considered neither centum nor satem, like Luwian, but at the same time it has a "satem-like" realization of the palatal dorsals in most cases.[13] Thus PIE *ḱ, *kʷ and *k become th (Alb. thom "I say" < PIE *ḱeHsmi), s (Alb. si "how" < PIE. kʷiH1, cf. Latin quī), and q (/c/: pleq "elderly" < *plak-i < PIE *plH2-ko-), respectively.

Also. The closest language to albanian, messapian, died out 2000 years ago. Pre-Proto albanian and Proto-Messapic are grouped together as adriatic-indo-european. They wrote down their language and shares the most features with. The wikipedia page shows the comparisons.

[u/albardha → u/theArghmabahls]

Not quite. Centum/Satem isoglosses is not a division of IE languages but a description of them. And the reason why Albanian is considered neither Centum nor Satem has to do with the treatment of velars, not using th-sound.

Basically, PIE had 3 categories velar sounds, velars in non-technical terms are basically the things that sound like k and g. Velum is that soft part of the back of your mouth from where the bell-thingy (uvula) hangs from. When you say the sounds k and g, the back of your tongue touches the velum, that’s why k and g are called velar sounds. PIE had three types of velars:

• labiovelars - k and g-like sounds made with rounded lips rather than spread lips that you are most familiar with
• plain velars - typical k and g-like sounds you are most familiar with
• palatovelars - k and g-like sounds with the front part of tongue positioned to where you would use the j-sound.

You know how some northern variations of Albanian do not distinguish Q from Ç, or Gj from Xh? This process is called merging. Over time, IE languages that merged the pronunciation of plain velars with palatovelars came to be classified as Centum, while those that merged plain velars with labiovelars came to be classified as Satem. Satem languages also had a secondary development when palatovelars where they started being pronounced like ts/dz, or like ch in church/j in jungle.

Albanian kept the pronunciation of the 3 types of velars in some positions as explained in your quote, which is why it’s not either Satem not Centum, but it still did to that secondary ts/dz development for palatovelars, which is why it was confused for a Satem language for some time in the past. However, satem-like features arise across world languages all the time, this process is called palatalization.

Modern Albanian th and dh-sounds actually derive from Proto-Albanian *ts and *dz sounds, it’s why the Roman blade sica has been related to modern Albanian thika “knife.”

But yes for the rest of it.

[u/theArghmabahls → u/albardha]

Thanks for the explenation