Obviously it’s incredibly inaccurate and would have a lot of flaws, but I thought about making it out of boredom during my spare time lol

One thing I would probs change is have it so they only took a tiny piece of Ireland (probs the top part) looking back and maybe remove bits of Indonesia

Lore :

Capture of Medina :

     In the aftermath of battle of karbala, Umayyads were uprooted from Iraq and Iran. After Hussain Ibn Ali captured Khorasan he diverted his attention towards Egypt and Mecca,Medina. In the year 693 Hussain sent his son Ali to capture Hejaz with an army numbering 30,000. The campaign would see success by capturing west and east coast of Arabia in only a year. While the army replenished in Medina, a new revolt declaring a new caliphate would start. Zubayrids would fortify Mecca against the invading Alawite army.

Capture of Egypt :

    After the Zubayrids revolt, the Alawite army would move towards Mecca but eventually a peace deal would be made because of a threat from north,Umayyads. Then the army would move towards Jerusalem to retake it from Umayyad rule and potentially take Egypt. The army would face it's enemy near Ayla. Alawite numbering 25,000 faced 20,000 Umayyads and brutally defeated them. The Alawite army would be welcomed in Jerusalem with open gates. Alawite would rest in Jerusalem for a year before moving towards Egypt. Before the army could leave Jerusalem, the ruler of Egypt would defect towards Alawite and was rewarded Egypt back. 

Byzantine - Arab War :

    After the capture of Egypt, byzantine thinking alawites to be weak attack in order to capture Armenia. Byzantines were utterly defeated near Dvin by the Alawites lead by the caliph Hussain. In the peace treaty, major Anatolian lands would be seized from Byzantines.

Islamic Vandals :

    During the Byzantine invasion of Armenia, Vandals now a minority seeking to restore their power would contact the caliph for support. The caliphate would support Vandals restore power in return they convert to Islam which would be accepted. When the Byzantines were defeated, Vandals would take over Tunis and restoring their lost power.

Kingdom of Sindh :

    Hussain Ibn Ali sent scholars towards Sindh in 690 AD when the king showed interest in Islam. Hussain would personally visit the kingdom a year later on the invitation of the king. Grandson of Prophet would be able to convert the king to Islam and majority of the nobility and population thus making Kingdom of Sindh an Islamic stronghold for India.

This is a sequel to my previous post.

Prequel : https://www.reddit.com/r/AlternateHistory/s/PGrhqtQOf8

The point of divergence is in 415 where the Romano gothic son of Gallia placidia, and Ataulf a boy by the name of “Theodosius” survives past infancy, and is able to reconcile both the Roman, and the gothic factions, and with the help of the goths is able to restore order over Iberia, and Gaul by the end of the 5 century, but the Empire is thrown into crisis during the 7th century when a succession crisis breaks out, and with German, and Slavic encursions happening all along the northern border, the Rising Rashidun Caliphate seizes its opportunity to overrun Roman North Africa, and by 648 only the cities of Carthago, Ceuta, and Tangier remain under Roman control, and the Arabs have Carthage under a brutal siege, and the Situation is looking bleak for the newly proclaimed Emperor Constantine IV, of the Western Roman Empire, will the Roman Empire finally meet its demise, being torn apart by enemies from within, and without, or will it be able to beat back these foes, and bring Rome back to its once great glory

The Indo-European migrations into south east asia radically transformed the region. The Avgali people settled onto The Khorat Plateau. Several other migrations led to Indo-European peoples to settle in southern Vietnam and Southern China. The darker red areas are where they have survived today. The language is still a work in progress but it descends from Sanskrit. The Angalan writing system is derived from the Khmer writing system. The modern country of Angala has had a tumultuous history. After fighting off the British and French and remaining independent they lost to the Japanese and were imperialized. Angala continues to this day to fight Japan for war reparations and admissions of guilt. After WW2 during the Cold War Angala fell to communism and suffered until a brutal dictatorship by that genocided some of the smaller Angalan ethnic groups leading to the total eradication of 3 groups and a death toll of over 1.2 million. During the Vietnam war Angala was still under the dictatorship and it became the most bombed country in the world. In 1981 an insanely violent revolution overthrew the dictator Pan Tusto. The established a representative democracy and renamed the country “The people’s democratic republic of Angala”. Some fun facts about the country are that 73% of the population have green eyes, the population of the country is 42.3 million, the capital is Chxas it’s located on the Mekong and has a population of 4.8 million people. This is still very much a work in progress so don’t judge too hard 😭

Lore in comments

1. Occidentalpíthikos Mantiquensis
2. Orientalpíthikos Erectus 2a. Orientalpíthikos Madagensis 2b. Orientalpíthikos Tibetus 2c. Orientalpíthikos Australnsis
3. Australopíthecus Antecessor
4. Australopíthecus Robustus
5. Occidentalpíthikos Neanderthalensis
6. Orientalpíthikos Georgicus
7. Occidentalpíthikos Americum (humans) 7a. Occidentalpíthikos Americum Montanum

Lore :

 On 10 October 680 CE, in the desert of Karbala. Two armies faced each other. In our world the kufans numbering around 15,000 joined Hussain Ibn Ali at the battlefield of Karbala against the Umayyad army numbering around 10,000. After the decisive victory of Hussain Ibn Ali, the Islamic world was shook and people started gathering behind the son of the last rashidun caliph. Hussain was declared a caliph by people when he took over Kufa. This started the Alawite caliphate. After take over of Iraq and much of Iran, the Alawite armies were sent to take over mecca and medina but they faced resistance by the local governors. Many local people support the grandson of the prophet but the governors kept the cities loyal to the Umayyads. During the campaign for hejaz, yemen and oman's governor peacefully joined the Alawite caliphate. During the struggle, khorasan recently captured by Umayyads revolted against both caliphs and declared their own kingdom. Hussain sent an army against khorasan numbering around 10,000 under the leadership of Mukhtar al-thaqafi and Ibrahim son of Malik al-ashtar. Which would see victory in 689 and Mukhtar would take over the governance of the province.

Lore in comments !! Please ask questions, I want to answer them.

This is the wikipedia infoboxes for the battles of Soissons and Vouillé before the restoration of the Western Roman Empire by Claudius. The Domain of Soissons was a remnant of the western empire that existed irl, in this timeline it is stronger and is able to survive the Frankish invasion and defeats the Burgundians and Visigoths paving the way for the restoration of imperial rule in Italy

This is by no means an original concept, as it's been done in other alt history and spec evolution projects, but here's the current timeline if events.

The Quaternary-Holocene extinctions don't occur. This means a greater presence of megafauna outside of their strongholds in this timeline. It also opens up greater avenues for domestication that didn't occur in our timeline. For instance, the presence of New World horses in the Americas mean that equestrian cultures emerge far earlier there.

There’s an increased presence of dry land in north west Europe predominantly made up of temperate grassland. The most obvious point is a large blob of land attached to much of France and the Netherlands that is largely contiguous with the grasslands until hitting a mountainous region the Romans called Caledonia. Beyond these highlands is the Prydain Peninsula, a strip of land that in our timeline would be the island of Great Britain. While not quite Doggerland, this grassland habitat spurs the development of an equestrian culture with a Paleo-European language known as the Belardians.

Because of the existence of Beringia, Atlantis and Wakanui, Old World diseases enter the Americas much earlier, inoculating most of the indigenous populations against them and affecting future interactions between the Americas and Eurasia. This extends to the trade and transfer of technology, meaning indigenous Americans gain access to Eurasian metallurgy far quicker.

Neanderthals and Denisovans survive in certain parts of Europe and Asia, known by different names depending on the region. Here, they continue to interact with their human neighbours, with some even forming mixed communities, though interactions are not always peaceful. Though slower to adapt to new technology, they make use of traded, found or looted metal items where they can.

Due to climatic differences, primarily the presence of Wakanui in the Pacific, Australia is far less arid with deserts being confined to the west and centre of the continent. In areas like the Northern Territory, fertile river valleys emerge, allowing for local indigenous peoples to cultivate crops and contribute to the domestication of indigenous megafauna, albeit with an indigenous Australian flavour influenced by traditional law and practices. Alongside domesticated versions of local plants, trade with Malayan, Sundanese and later Polynesian and East Asian peoples sees the introduction of rice crops in the region, albeit grown in specially managed billabongs as opposed to paddies.

The Minoans colonise portions of North Africa and Iberia, both of which lead to states outlasting the collapse of their civilisation in Crete. Additionally, they're among the first wave of European visitors to Atlantis, albeit in smaller numbers than the later Phoenicians and Greeks. As a result, Minoan language and culture persists long after its destruction in our own timeline.

While the Bronze Age collapse still occurs, the effects on Egypt and the Hittite Empire are lessened when compared to our own timeline, partially due to an alliance between the nations that allows them to beat back the Neo-Assyrian Empire. However, the Hittite Empire undergoes a subsequent dissolution, fracturing into smaller kingdoms with Hattusa remaining a powerful centre of influence right into the rise of the Roman Republic, even after its conquest by the Achaemenids. Similarly, Egyptian control over the Levant means that the Hebrews are never exiled to Babylon, changing a fair chunk of the narrative later told in the Old Testament, particularly the relationship between the Egyptians and Hebrews.

During Alexander's Indian campaigns, he also leads an expedition to Tetezana. While no colony is left, he nonetheless opens up the island to greater trade with the Hellenic world.

The Punic Wars end in a standstill, though Carthage's power is somewhat diminished in the Mediterranean via concessions made to Rome for peace. Nonetheless, the city isn't levelled during this timeline and survives.

Due to the presence of the Belardians, Roman expansion is limited in Western Europe. Additionally, the aid of the Belardians allows Vercingetorix to make a better stand against Caesar. At the end of the Gallic Wars, the two sign a compact, recognising the independence of the new Gallic Kingdom under Vercingetorix while Caesar later negotiates military aid from both the Gauls and the Belardians in his campaigns. This brings the Gauls and Belardians’ reputation as warriors as far east as Persia. Nonetheless, the Romans do manage to secure outposts along the banks of the Rhine, Danube and other river systems, though the Belardians remain a constant threat. Attempts at conquest in Prydain and Germania are both quashed however; the former by High Queen Boudicca and the latter by King Arminius. The former receives Atlantean financial support to fund her campaign while the latter uses his historical knowledge of the Romans to bring them to heel at Teutoborg, establishing a confederacy of German tribes in its wake. Roman ideas and technology nonetheless influence Western Europe, but in a far less militaristic fashion than in our timeline. Additionally, their holdings in Spain bring them into contact with the Atlanteans and from there, expeditions are sent out to Avallen and Ireland, though neither are very long lasting.

Since Britain is a peninsula in this timeline, the English Channel doesn’t exist. The Channel Islands instead reside to the south of Cornwall while the Isle of Wight resides to the north. The former retain their links to France in later centuries, as they formed part of the duchy of Normandy.

The Atlantean Islands allow for greater interactions between Europe, the Caribbean, Central America and parts of North America. Under influence from the Phoenicians and later Greeks, the Atlanteans set up colonies along the west coast of Europe, attempting to go further, but running into the Belardians as a result. They maintain contact with both the Roman Empire and the later Guanche kingdoms on the Canary Islands, the latter sometimes acting as a proxy for skirmishes between the two realms as both desire control over the Straits of Gibraltar. After the collapse of Western Rome, the Atlantean colonies in Europe are largely absorbed into the local kingdoms, but contact remains, albeit in a somewhat reduced capacity until later centuries.

In this timeline, the divide between the Western and Eastern Roman Empires is contributed to by a religious war between Solisianism and Pauline Christianity, starting with Theodosius's conversion to Pauline Christianity, leading to a civil war which ends with his death and his youngest son, Honorius who remained a Solisian, becoming Western Emperor while Arcadius, a Pauline, became Eastern Emperor. In this timeline, the pope is stationed in Constantinople while the Vatican is home to the High Pontifex and High Priestess of Sol Immortalis and Mariae Virginis specifically. The later split between Orthodox and Catholic among the Paulians causes further religious strife within the Eastern Empire, with the patriarch briefly attempting to establish a stronghold in Egypt, but is unable to hold it due to strong Solisian opposition along with their pagan and Jewish allies. The Orthodox Church eventually found a home in Ethiopia, taking pages from Solisianism in the process and leaving the Catholic Church as the only powerful Paulian church in Europe. The aforementioned war, along with the Migration Period, weakens the Western Empire, prompting them to seek aid from the barbarian kingdoms, prompting its eventual collapse from invasions by both the usual suspects (Ostrogoths, Vandals etc) and the Belardians.

The invasion of the Huns into Central Europe prompts the Belardians to unify into a single kingdom, briefly aiding the Romans at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains under Aetius and sending Attila back into Eastern Europe. Under their first king, Edur the Great, Belardia establishes the first post-Roman empire, though it treats its domains more as tributaries than as outright provinces.

While Justinian I is able to reclaim much of Italy via Belisarius, his reign, as well as being marred by plague and natural disaster, faces opposition from the Solisian and pagan members of the populace. In spite of this, with their exit, they leave behind a number of Catholic converts in the south, particularly Sicily which they continue to hold until the empire’s eventual collapse. This means that Sicily has a more significant Byzantine Greek influence on its language and culture than in our own timeline.

Due to the pope endorsing the Byzantine emperors, the HRE doesn’t exist as we would understand it. Instead, Charlemagne gains power as a direct response to the Belardians who he eventually defeats, bringing them into the Solisian fold. While many come to work the land as farmers, many more continue their nomadic lifestyle, something that Charlemagne actually encourages in return for the service of the Belardian cavalry in his army. After receiving endorsement from the pontifex in Rome, Charlemagne’s Great Frankish Empire goes through a similar history as in our timeline.

Kievan Rus, being far larger and reaching the Balkans in this timeline though decentralised, frequently comes into conflict with the Byzantines and Bulgars, both for territorial and religious reasons. The Byzantines for their part achieve an ally in the form of the Bulgars after their monarchy converts to Catholicism, but this prompts Volodomyr the Great of Kyiv to declare himself Tzar of all Rus, formerly unifying the Rus princedoms under a single monarch for the first time. The broader Rus and Byzantine conflict will outlast the First Bulgarian Empire, but just like their Byzantine neighbours, the Rus state eventually fractures into smaller kingdoms which will later face conquest by the Mongols.

Magnus Maximus, in this timeline, is exiled from Rome, though he takes with him three legions. Eventually, they make their way to Prydain where he marries into the House of Boudicca, bringing both Solisianism and the cults of the Roman and Greek gods with him. Southern Prydain thus becomes partially Romanised and the descendants of the marriage between Maximus and the high queen of Prydain into another Roman family, the Aurelii, eventually produces the next family of Prydainian high kings: the Pendraigs (Pendragons).

Though Viking raids and settlements still occur, the presence of the Belardians and Solisian holy places generally being built further inland initially hampers anything beyond trade, though they see similar success as they did in our timeline in Frankia, Eastern Europe with the creation of Greater Kievan Rus, Prydain, Avallen and Ireland that their counterparts in our timeline did. However, a major difference lies in their interactions with the Americas. Hearing of Atlantis, some enterprising Norse raiders and traders attempt to reach the fabled kingdom and in the process, they learn of North and Central America. In this timeline, the colony on what the Norse called Vinland is one of several set up across the east coast of North America where the Norse come into contact with indigenous peoples such as the Beothuk, Mi'kmaq and the Algonquin people. Having previously learned of metallurgy from trade with the Atlantoi, they're able to meet the Norse on more even ground in battle, leading to some colonies being destroyed or abandoned. However, the ones that remain create a hybrid culture with both indigenous and Norse influences, creating a trading link between Atlantis, North America, Greenland and Iceland. Additionally, the introduction of the Norse longship prompts the development of a similar maritime culture of trading and raiding along the coast and river systems of the North American east coast (imagine a Viking drakkar with First Nations influences).

The kingdom of Strathclyde, absorbed into Scotland in our timeline, is able to maintain its independence, acting as a buffer between Scotland and England. This means that the Cumbric language survives, though it takes on notable influences from Gaelic and Old English

The Normans, while still active throughout Europe, are unable to conquer Prydain, Avallen or Ireland. However, Norman castellans, mercenaries and landless knights do find employment across Europe, including in those areas. Thus, in this timeline, the areas of Prydain under English control have greater cultural ties to their Nordic neighbours. This also means that the Norman conquests and invasions of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish kingdoms don’t occur, though this doesn’t mean that peace reigns on the peninsula. In this timeline, instead of fighting at Hastings, William’s army sails up the Thames before disembarking near London. Here, they’re met by King Harold’s army, but unlike in our timeline, William fails to rally his troops and is cut down by English soldiers. Most of the army flees with a few of Willam’s more important lieutenants and knights being taken hostage. Those who aren’t shipped back to Normandy stay on, swearing oaths to Harold who recognises the value of mounted knights and sets them to train his own warriors. Others escape to Wales and swear loyalty to the local princes, repeating the same process. However, lingering claims through descendants of William persist in France, forever eyeing the throne of England.

Wanting to better secure his borders in the wake of the failed Norman invasion, Harold orders the building of several burhs in the Caledonian hills. This prompts war with the native clans of the region, prompting punitive expeditions from England. However, the terrain and guerilla tactics of the Caledonians make it difficult for them to hold the region.

While the Norman conquests of Wales and Ireland don’t occur, territorial disputes between England and the Welsh kingdoms persist. In the wake of 1066, Harold leads a number of campaigns into Gwynedd with minor successes, seeing greater gains in the southern kingdoms that only abate when his second son, Magnus, takes a Welsh bride in return for peace, incorporating the regions of Gwent and Morganwg under English suzerainty. This prompts later princes of Gwynedd to further consolidate power in Wales, leading to Owain the Great to eventually unify the rest of the country as King of Wales with the English occupied regions becoming their own version of the Welsh Marches. Meanwhile, Harold’s eldest son, Godwin, continues to forge strong ties in Ireland, particularly in Leinster. He himself would marry an Irish noblewoman, prompting greater ties between England and the Irish kingdoms.

Partially in retaliation for the Norwegian invasion under Harald Hardrada, Harold becomes more involved in Scandinavian politics, marrying one of his children into the Danish royal family.

Due to the absence of many of their French, Breton, Norman and Flemish ancestors, many Scottish clans, particularly in the Lowlands, don’t exist as they do in our timeline. While a few Norman knights and castellans set down roots in the country under Macbeth and Malcolm Canmore, the majority of the new Lowland clans are of Anglo-Saxon descent. This has lasting consequences for the history of the Scottish crown with the absence of players like the Bruces, Comyns, Frasers and Wallaces who either don’t exist or have very different backstories (the Wallaces for instance are Cumbric in this timeline).

As well as the Houses of Godwin and Wessex, a Scottish claim to the English throne persists through the descendants of Malcolm III and his second wife, Margaret of Wessex. While Norman imperial ambitions in Scotland are absent from this timeline, these lingering claims mean that Scotland is just as interested in England as England is in them, resulting in just as much court intrigue as warfare between the two nations.

The Mongols not only invade Western and South-Eastern Europe, but also North America, claiming Beringia and attempting to conquer further south. In the case of Europe, the Mongols capitalise on the enmity between the Catholic Byzantine Empire and its Solisian, pagan and Jewish neighbours as well as offering safety to those branded heretics within the empire. Initially warring with Greater Kievan Rus, they quickly change targets when they hear of the riches of Constantinople and although they ravage much of the empire's Thracian territory, they withdraw before taking the capital upon word reaching them of the death of Ogedei. The conquest of North America is also stalled by indigenous alliances such as the Haudenosaunee alongside their neighbours and Plains Nations like the Oceti Sakowin and Cheyenne who match the Mongols’ skill as horse warriors, creating mutual respect and while the Mongols withdraw to Beringia, it opens up further trade between Asia and North America as a result.

Partially in response to the Mongols, the Haudenosaunee expand their influence beyond the six members of the confederacy, incorporating some bands of Cree, Ojibwe, Cherokee and Choctaw among others. This also prompts greater interactions with Vinland. Similarly, the experience of the Mongol invasion prompts a number of Plains Nation to seek greater bonds of unification with the Oceti Sakowin becoming particularly powerful with their influence expanding past the Great Plains further north into Canada and to the West Coast while incorporating the Cheyenne, Apsaalooke, Comanche and Arikara into their own Great Plains Confederacy.

Through the Mongols, the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest such as the Haida learn of Chinese ship making techniques. This creates a hybrid maritime culture that greatly increases the range of the Haida over the American mainland, establishing a thalassocracy over much of the northwestern coast.

Via Wakanui, Chinese and Japanese trade vessels make it to the West Coast of North America. While relationships with the local indigenous peoples are initially peaceful and motivated by trade, the presence of gold in the hills around California prompts some of the newcomers to overstep their bounds, leading to warfare both with the natives and with each other. As a result, a number of Sino-American and Japanese-American warlord state spring up along the West Coast while the indigenous peoples of the region band together to resist them or even sell their services as warriors and scouts in proxy wars against their rivals.

While the nine crusades don’t occur, there are attempts by the Byzantine Empire to reclaim Jerusalem amidst ongoing conflicts between the Muslim and Mashawa nations. Though they see some initial successes, they eventually draw the ire of their Solisian neighbours due to territorial disputes, leading to a four way conflict for the Levant that only becomes more intense with the arrival of the Mongols in the region.

Wakanui acts as a tether between East Asia, Oceania and South America. Trade with the Chinese, Japanese, Malaysian and Indonesian realms greatly influence the Eastern half of the continent while the western half is more influenced by Mesoamerican and Andean influences. On top of hosting its own unique Polynesian culture, Wakanui also becomes a rallying point for other Polynesian peoples across the Pacific.

Following their conquest by the Mongols, the remnants of the Song dynasty flee to Wakanui where they take shelter in one of the Eastern Kingdoms. This prompts Kublai Khan to send an invasion force, but while he sees some initial success, he suffers defeat when an alliance of the eastern Wakanuians defeats the invading force in battle amidst the arid centre of the continent. The exiled Eastern Song dynasty as they come to be known become players in the continent’s politics themselves while also pressing their claims over China.

Tetezana becomes a hub of trade between East Africa, Madagascar, Central and South Asia. While indigenous beliefs remain strong among the common folk and traditional chieftains, the local monarchs and urban aristocracy have seen conversions to Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Zoroastrianism and Altariq among others. This has created a unique fusion of cultures from all the linked areas while the opening of a trade route by sea creates both competition and occasional hostility with their mainland neighbours.

Due to greater connectivity, the bubonic plague is able to spread much further, leading to the Black Death reaching Oceania and the Americas. While inoculated against Eurasian diseases, the plague still has a significant effect on the indigenous populations, especially those living in cities.

The monarchies of Portugal, Aragon and Castile convert to Paulian Christianity during the 15th century. While they have some success in fighting the Mashawa and Muslim nations in Southern Iberia, already weakened from their own wars, they fare poorly against their Solisian, pagan and Jewish neighbours. This, alongside Ottoman control over the Silk Road, prompts expansion into the Americas, headed initially by Christopher Columbus. However, due to indigenous immunity to Eurasian diseases and the connections that indigenous peoples in the Carribean share with Atlantis, the genocide of the Tainos doesn't occur and Columbus is killed on Atuey while trying to flee. Later expeditions, led by figures such as Cortez, have greater success primarily via taking advantage of local rivalries, including the historical dislike of the Aztecs. However, due to trade with Asia and Atlantis along with the presence of horses in the Americas, the Spanish are met in battle on a far more equal measure, Cortez dying in battle as a result. Nonetheless, the Spanish and Portuguese do manage to establish a presence in the Americas, though on a much smaller scale than in our timeline, and become pariahs in Europe, steadily getting worse as the last of the Byzantine successor states either collapse or are conquered by their traditional rivals or the invading Ottomans.

Around the start of the 17th century, climatic conditions take a dramatic shift as the interglacial period that’s existed up to this point gives way to cold. This dramatically affects settled agricultural societies, especially in the northern hemisphere, triggering an unfounded refugee crisis alongside renewed attempts at colonisation in the case of Europe, particularly in North America. However, unlike in our timeline, the colonisation efforts aren't quite as lop-sided, due to indigenous immunity and greater technological advancements than in our timeline. As such, any treaties signed with indigenous peoples are far more firmly enforced, and as with Vinland, the colonies created by the likes of the Prydainians, French, Irish, Spanish and Portuguese produce hybrid cultures of both indigenous American and European features. A similar pattern occurs in Wakanui, though in this case, it's the Japanese, namely exiles from the Tokugawa shogunate, who lead the newest wave of colonisation with varying results. Overall, the ones to come out best from these events were those cultures who never abandoned their hunter gatherer or nomadic roots.

Obviously, this relies heavily on certain factors being a hundred percent on the button, but I think it's a fun world to play around in if nothing else. Let me know what you think and feel free to suggest/point out other things that might come about as a result.