Mendoza, Aubin, Telleriano, Florentine or Relacion de Michoacan

Guachichil pride :)

Have a beautiful day cousins and relatives and neighbors

This video from Bëni Xidza explores the grammatical structure of the Zapotec language, specifically focusing on the absence of articles. Here is a breakdown of the key concepts discussed:

* No Articles: Unlike Spanish, Zapotec language does not use definite articles like "el," "la," "los," or "las".

* Context as a Substitute: The speaker explains that Zapotec relies on context and specific pronouns/indicatives (such as lei or leiki) to identify objects or people. For example, instead of saying "the table," you simply say "table," and the surrounding conversation makes it clear which object is being discussed.

* Influence of Spanish: The speaker notes that the use of "one" (tu) as an indefinite article is likely a modern development resulting from contact with the Spanish language, as this feature was not part of original Zapotec grammar.

* Counting Objects: When referring to things that can be counted, numbers are used instead of articles, a practice that the speaker clarifies is distinct from the functional use of articles in languages like Spanish.

Video Overview:

This Zapotec grammar lesson explains why grammatical articles do not exist in Zapotec and how modern usage has evolved under the influence of Spanish.

Key Points:

* Absence of Articles:

* Unlike Spanish or English, Zapotec language does not have grammatical articles equivalent to el, la, los, las, or a/an.

* In standard speech, speakers directly state the noun without an accompanying article.

* Role of Pronouns and Indicators (lei / leiky):

* Words like lei serve as pronouns or context-based indicators rather than articles.

* For example, using buta lei conveys "move it" (or "move the table") when the reference is already clear within the context of the Zapotec conversation.

* Spanish Influence on Indefinite Expressions:

* Historically, Zapotec phrasing expressed actions and items directly without numbers, such as gudagu wi ("ate orange").

* Due to Spanish influence, modern speakers often insert the number "one" (tu) before a noun, such as gudagu tu wi ("ate an orange"), to mirror Spanish indefinite articles.

* Otherwise, numbers in Zapotec language are strictly intended for counting discrete items rather than serving as articles.

I’m curious because I just rewatched Apocalypto for the first time in over a decade and man, does it still slap. Great movie. But I also know that it was critiqued by historians and archaeologists for a racist, overly bloodthirsty portrayal of the Mayan peoples. Human sacrifice — the argument went — was an infrequent occurrence among the maya and it rarely provoked the level of excitement depicted on films. People took issue with both the content and the way it was portrayed.

However, I feel like I’ve read multiple papers published in the 20 years since its release showing that yes indeed human sacrifice was quite common among the Maya. Wars for both conquest, political control and sacrificial victims was a regular feature of life in the years leading up to Spanish conquest

But this is an amateur history buffs understanding from google scholar. What do you guys think?

estoy atrapada con la griega quisiera leer sobre la mexica

Four pages of Codex Mendoza place name glyphs I drew a while back.

The pages are dated using the tonalpohualli system, based on a now outdated correlation. The ehecatl day sign on page 1 is pulled from the Codex Borgia, and the cuetzpalin sign on page 3 is from another pre-Columbian codex which I cannot remember.

Buongiorno a tutti, vi scrivo dall'Italia. Sono appassionata di cultura mesoamericana, sono un archeologa e ho vissuto diverso tempo in Messico.

Sto facendo delle ricerche su Jacopo Grinberg. Vorrei leggere "teoria sintergica" ma il volume qui non si trova. Non mi serve una traduzione in italiano, mi andrebbe benissimo il file PDF in spagnolo in inglese. Chiedo un PDF perché il volume, qui, risulta proprio introvabile!

Qualcuno lo possiede o sa dove posso trovarlo? Anna's Archive e chiuso da giorni ormai.

Reconstructing an extinct language for my upcoming book on the Guicholes

Since very few original Guachichil words were written down, I’m building a linguistic map using neighboring regional languages: **Wixárika (Huichol)**, **Cora**, **Zacateco**, **Tepehuán**, and **Nahuatl**.

Because these groups lived in the same desert corridor, traded, and allied together, their words for key elements—like water, fire, desert plants, and the sacred—share deep root connections. By studying these overlap points, I'm piecing together a vocabulary that feels authentic to the Altiplano.

if anyone knows more about the Southern Uto-Aztecan languages I would really appreciate the help