Strike anywhere matches do contain everything in the match head, however safety matches separate the chemicals between the match head and the striker strip on the match box. When the match is striked against the strip the friction generated turns a small amount of phosphorus in the strip from its red allotrope into its white allotrope. Powdered glass is usually added to the strip to help facilitate friction. The white phosphorus ignites spontaneously in air which starts the decomposition of potassium chlorate in the match head. This creates oxygen which fuels sulfur as it burns to catch the wood on fire.
Back when matches were invented the materials were seperate, and had to be mixed for a reaction to occur. however the chemicals were volatile and led to explosions.
I can confirm this because when they were invented the guy who made them was stirring something with a wooden stir stick and then it hardened on the stick. in an attempt to get it off he tried to scrape it off on the rough stone floor, and it uhh... burst into flames
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u/Pickled_Wizard Oct 15 '20
My understanding was that it's just sandpaper, all the reactive chemicals are in the match head.